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10.1016/j.envint.2021.106774 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106774 34332303!8299185!34332303     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Environ+Int 2021 ; 157 (ä): 106774 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=34332303|t=2021. Survey of air exchange rates and evaluation of airborne infection risk of COVID-19 on commuter trains |pdf=|usr=}}{{34332303}} gab.com Text Survey of air exchange rates and evaluation of airborne infection risk of COVID-19 on commuter trains JO: Environ Int http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34332303 #FOAvip To identify potential countermeasures for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), we determined the air exchange rates in stationary and moving train cars under various conditions in July, August, and December 2020 in Japan. When the doors were closed, the air exchange rates in both stationary and moving trains increased with increasing area of window-opening (0.23-0.78/h at 0 m(2), windows closed to 2.1-10/h at 2.86 m(2), fully open). The air exchange rates were one order of magnitude higher when doors were open than when closed. With doors closed, the air exchange rates were higher when the centralized air conditioning (AC) and crossflow fan systems (fan) were on than when off. The air exchange rates in moving trains increased as train speed increased, from 10/h at 20 km/h to 42/h at 57 km/h. Air exchange rates did not differ significantly between empty cars and those filled with 230 mannequins representing commuters. The air exchange rates were lower during aboveground operation than during underground. Assuming that 30-300 passengers travel in a train car for 7-60 min and that the community infection rate is 0.0050-0.30%, we estimated that commuters' infection risk on trains was reduced by 91-94% when all 12 windows were opened (to a height of 10 cm) and the AC/fan was on compared with that when windows were closed and the AC/fan was off. Twit Text FOAVip Survey of air exchange rates and evaluation of airborne infection risk of COVID-19 on commuter trains ????Environ Int http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34332303 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34332303 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34332303}}</ref> Survey of air exchange rates and evaluation of airborne infection risk of COVID-19 on commuter trains #MMPMID34332303 Shinohara N; Sakaguchi J; Kim H; Kagi N; Tatsu K; Mano H; Iwasaki Y; Naito W Environ Int 2021[Dec]; 157 (ä): 106774 PMID34332303show ga To identify potential countermeasures for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), we determined the air exchange rates in stationary and moving train cars under various conditions in July, August, and December 2020 in Japan. When the doors were closed, the air exchange rates in both stationary and moving trains increased with increasing area of window-opening (0.23-0.78/h at 0 m(2), windows closed to 2.1-10/h at 2.86 m(2), fully open). The air exchange rates were one order of magnitude higher when doors were open than when closed. With doors closed, the air exchange rates were higher when the centralized air conditioning (AC) and crossflow fan systems (fan) were on than when off. The air exchange rates in moving trains increased as train speed increased, from 10/h at 20 km/h to 42/h at 57 km/h. Air exchange rates did not differ significantly between empty cars and those filled with 230 mannequins representing commuters. The air exchange rates were lower during aboveground operation than during underground. Assuming that 30-300 passengers travel in a train car for 7-60 min and that the community infection rate is 0.0050-0.30%, we estimated that commuters' infection risk on trains was reduced by 91-94% when all 12 windows were opened (to a height of 10 cm) and the AC/fan was on compared with that when windows were closed and the AC/fan was off. |*Air Microbiology[MESH] |*Air Pollution, Indoor[MESH] |*COVID-19/transmission[MESH] |*Railroads[MESH] |*Ventilation[MESH] |Air Conditioning[MESH] |Humans[MESH]Survey of air exchange rates and evaluation of airborne infection risk(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing