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Identification of potential phytochemicals from Citrus Limon against main protease of SARS-CoV-2: molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations and quantum computations #MMPMID34278965
Khan J; Sakib SA; Mahmud S; Khan Z; Islam MN; Sakib MA; Emran TB; Simal-Gandara J
J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022[]; 40 (21): 10741-10752 PMID34278965show ga
The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel RNA virus emerged at the end of 2019. Most of the patient's symptoms are mild to moderate, and influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure are common. The disease is mild to moderate in most patients and is reported in many cases such as pneumonia, ARDS and multi-organ dysfunction. This study's objective is to evaluate 25 natural compounds from Citrus limon (CL) used by comprehensive molecular docking, density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics analysis against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)). Among all the experimental compounds, diosmetin has shown the best docking values against the M(pro) of SARS-CoV-2 compared to the standard antiviral drug. In DFT calculations, the order associated with biochemical reactivity is as follows: eriodictoyl > quercetin > spinacetin > diosmetin > luteolin > apigenin, whereas the regions of oxygen and hydrogen atoms from the selected isolated compounds are appropriate for electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks, respectively. Also, HOMO-LUMO and global descriptors values indicated a promising result of these compounds. Moreover, a molecular dynamics simulation study revealed the stable conformation and binding pattern in a stimulating environment of natural compounds CL. Considering molecular docking, simulation, and DFT analysis of the selected compounds, notably eriodictoyl, quercetin, and diosmetin showed good potential against SARS-CoV-2 M(pro). Our in silico study revealed promising antiviral activity, which may be considered a potential key factor or a therapeutic target for COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.