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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Cytokine 2021 ; 146 (ä): 155637 Nephropedia Template TP
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Between immunomodulation and immunotolerance: The role of IFNgamma in SARS-CoV-2 disease #MMPMID34242899
Todorovic-Rakovic N; Whitfield JR
Cytokine 2021[Oct]; 146 (ä): 155637 PMID34242899show ga
Interferons have prominent roles in various pathophysiological conditions, mostly related to inflammation. Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) was, initially discovered as a potent antiviral agent, over 50 years ago, and has recently garnered renewed interest as a promising factor involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. When new disease epidemics appear such as SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), IAV (Influenza A virus), and in particular the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is especially timely to review the complexity of immune system responses to viral infections. Here we consider the controversial roles of effectors like IFNgamma, discussing its actions in immunomodulation and immunotolerance. We explore the possibility that modulation of IFNgamma could be used to influence the course of such infections. Importantly, not only could endogenous expression of IFNgamma influence the outcome, there are existing IFNgamma therapeutics that can readily be applied in the clinic. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlled by IFNgamma suggests that the exact timing for application of IFNgamma-based therapeutics could be crucial: it should be earlier to significantly reduce the viral load and thus decrease the overall severity of the disease.