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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid34239142      N+Z+Med+J 2021 ; 134 (1538): 18-27
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  • Deficient handwashing amenities in public toilets in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-regional survey #MMPMID34239142
  • Wilson N; Thomson G
  • N Z Med J 2021[Jul]; 134 (1538): 18-27 PMID34239142show ga
  • AIMS: To identify the extent of the provision of handwashing amenities in public toilets at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, and also to make comparisons with a related pre-pandemic survey. METHODS: We collected data from 400 toilet facilities that were open to the public: all those in three contiguous city council territories (228) and a further convenience sample of 172 around other parts of New Zealand. Comparisons were made with the data on the same facilities included in a 2012/2013 survey. RESULTS: Of the toilets in this survey, 2.5% had no water for handwashing and 14.8% had no soap. There was COVID-19-related health messaging signage in 19.5% of toilets, with posters of the COVID-19 QR code used for contact tracing in 12.3%, and generic handwashing signage in 1.8%. The handwashing water had 'no-touch' activation at 28.0% of toilets, and 18.5% of toilets had no-touch bowl flushing. Toilet bowl lids were not present at 32.8%, and 2.3% of toilets had damage that would impair their functionality (eg, broken toilet seats). This new survey found significantly increased provision of soap (risk ratio = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.25 to 1.72), but no increased provision of water, at the 128 sites that had also been examined in the previous survey. CONCLUSIONS: Although handwashing is probably a much less critical COVID-19 control intervention than reducing aerosol transmission, it should still be strongly supported. Yet this survey found multiple deficiencies with handwashing amenities at public toilets and only modest improvements since a previous survey.
  • |*Public Facilities[MESH]
  • |*Toilet Facilities/standards[MESH]
  • |COVID-19/*prevention & control[MESH]
  • |Hand Disinfection/*instrumentation[MESH]
  • |Health Education[MESH]
  • |Humans[MESH]
  • |New Zealand[MESH]
  • |Posters as Topic[MESH]
  • |SARS-CoV-2[MESH]
  • |Soaps[MESH]


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