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10.1021/acscentsci.1c00010 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1021/acscentsci.1c00010 34235261!8227597!34235261     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       ACS+Cent+Sci 2021 ; 7 (6): 1009-1018 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=34235261|t=2021. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Attachment Factor for SARS-CoV-2 |pdf=|usr=}}{{34235261}} gab.com Text Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Attachment Factor for SARS-CoV-2 JO: ACS Cent Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34235261 #FOAvip Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing an unprecedented global pandemic demanding the urgent development of therapeutic strategies. Microarray binding experiments, using an extensive heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide library, showed that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike of SARS-CoV-2 can bind HS in a length- and sequence-dependent manner. A hexasaccharide composed of IdoA2S-GlcNS6S repeating units was identified as the minimal binding epitope. Surface plasmon resonance showed the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds with a much higher affinity to heparin (K (D) = 55 nM) compared to the RBD (K (D) = 1 muM) alone. It was also found that heparin does not interfere in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding or proteolytic processing of the spike. However, exogenous administered heparin or a highly sulfated HS oligosaccharide inhibited RBD binding to cells. Furthermore, an enzymatic removal of HS proteoglycan from physiological relevant tissue resulted in a loss of RBD binding. The data support a model in which HS functions as the point of initial attachment allowing the virus to travel through the glycocalyx by low-affinity high-avidity interactions to reach the cell membrane, where it can engage with ACE2 for cell entry. Microarray binding experiments showed that ACE2 and HS can simultaneously engage with the RBD, and it is likely no dissociation between HS and RBD is required for binding to ACE2. The results highlight the potential of using HS oligosaccharides as a starting material for therapeutic agent development. Twit Text FOAVip Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Attachment Factor for SARS-CoV-2 ????ACS Cent Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34235261 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34235261 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34235261}}</ref> Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Attachment Factor for SARS-CoV-2 #MMPMID34235261 Liu L; Chopra P; Li X; Bouwman KM; Tompkins SM; Wolfert MA; de Vries RP; Boons GJ ACS Cent Sci 2021[Jun]; 7 (6): 1009-1018 PMID34235261show ga Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing an unprecedented global pandemic demanding the urgent development of therapeutic strategies. Microarray binding experiments, using an extensive heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide library, showed that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike of SARS-CoV-2 can bind HS in a length- and sequence-dependent manner. A hexasaccharide composed of IdoA2S-GlcNS6S repeating units was identified as the minimal binding epitope. Surface plasmon resonance showed the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds with a much higher affinity to heparin (K (D) = 55 nM) compared to the RBD (K (D) = 1 muM) alone. It was also found that heparin does not interfere in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding or proteolytic processing of the spike. However, exogenous administered heparin or a highly sulfated HS oligosaccharide inhibited RBD binding to cells. Furthermore, an enzymatic removal of HS proteoglycan from physiological relevant tissue resulted in a loss of RBD binding. The data support a model in which HS functions as the point of initial attachment allowing the virus to travel through the glycocalyx by low-affinity high-avidity interactions to reach the cell membrane, where it can engage with ACE2 for cell entry. Microarray binding experiments showed that ACE2 and HS can simultaneously engage with the RBD, and it is likely no dissociation between HS and RBD is required for binding to ACE2. The results highlight the potential of using HS oligosaccharides as a starting material for therapeutic agent development. äHeparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Attachment Factor for SARS-CoV-2 (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing