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Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19-Related Acute Kidney Injury-The Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives #MMPMID34209289
Smarz-Widelska I; Grywalska E; Morawska I; Forma A; Michalski A; Mertowski S; Hrynkiewicz R; Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej P; Korona-Glowniak I; Parczewski M; Zaluska W
Int J Mol Sci 2021[Jun]; 22 (13): ä PMID34209289show ga
The continually evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has resulted in a vast number of either acute or chronic medical impairments of a pathophysiology that is not yet fully understood. SARS-CoV-2 tropism for the organs is associated with bilateral organ cross-talks as well as targeted dysfunctions, among which acute kidney injury (AKI) seems to be highly prevalent in infected patients. The need for efficient management of COVID-related AKI patients is an aspect that is still being investigated by nephrologists; however, another reason for concern is a disturbingly high proportion of various types of kidney dysfunctions in patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Even though the clinical picture of AKI and COVID-related AKI seems to be quite similar, it must be considered that regarding the latter, little is known about both the optimal management and long-term consequences. These discrepancies raise an urgent need for further research aimed at evaluating the molecular mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced kidney damage as well as standardized management of COVID-related AKI patients. The following review presents a comprehensive and most-recent insight into the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, recommended patient management, treatment strategies, and post-mortem findings in patients with COVID-related AKI.