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10.1093/ijnp/pyab033 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1093/ijnp/pyab033 34077523!8244616!34077523     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Int+J+Neuropsychopharmacol 2021 ; 24 (11): 859-866 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=34077523|t=2021. Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown |pdf=|usr=}}{{34077523}} gab.com Text Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown JO: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34077523 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: COVID-19 lockdown measures have caused severe disruptions to work and education and prevented people from engaging in many rewarding activities. Cannabis users may be especially vulnerable, having been previously shown to have higher levels of apathy and anhedonia than non-users. METHODS: In this survey study, we measured apathy and anhedonia, before and after lockdown measures were implemented, in n = 256 adult and n = 200 adolescent cannabis users and n = 170 adult and n = 172 adolescent controls. Scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were investigated with mixed-measures ANCOVA, with factors user group, age group, and time, controlling for depression, anxiety, and other drug use. RESULTS: Adolescent cannabis users had significantly higher SHAPS scores before lockdown, indicative of greater anhedonia, compared with adolescent controls (P = .03, eta p2 = .013). Contrastingly, adult users had significantly lower scores on both the SHAPS (P < .001, eta p2 = .030) and AES (P < .001, eta p2 = .048) after lockdown compared with adult controls. Scores on both scales increased during lockdown across groups, and this increase was significantly smaller for cannabis users (AES: P = .001, eta p2 = .014; SHAPS: P = .01, eta p2 = .008). Exploratory analyses revealed that dependent cannabis users had significantly higher scores overall (AES: P < .001, eta p2 = .037; SHAPS: P < .001, eta p2 = .029) and a larger increase in scores (AES: P = .04, eta p2 =.010; SHAPS: P = .04, eta p2 = .010), compared with non-dependent users. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that adolescents and adults have differential associations between cannabis use as well as apathy and anhedonia. Within users, dependence may be associated with higher levels of apathy and anhedonia regardless of age and a greater increase in levels during the COVID-19 lockdown. Twit Text FOAVip Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown ????Int J Neuropsychopharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34077523 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34077523 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34077523}}</ref> Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Controls Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown #MMPMID34077523 Skumlien M; Langley C; Lawn W; Voon V; Sahakian BJ Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021[Nov]; 24 (11): 859-866 PMID34077523show ga BACKGROUND: COVID-19 lockdown measures have caused severe disruptions to work and education and prevented people from engaging in many rewarding activities. Cannabis users may be especially vulnerable, having been previously shown to have higher levels of apathy and anhedonia than non-users. METHODS: In this survey study, we measured apathy and anhedonia, before and after lockdown measures were implemented, in n = 256 adult and n = 200 adolescent cannabis users and n = 170 adult and n = 172 adolescent controls. Scores on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were investigated with mixed-measures ANCOVA, with factors user group, age group, and time, controlling for depression, anxiety, and other drug use. RESULTS: Adolescent cannabis users had significantly higher SHAPS scores before lockdown, indicative of greater anhedonia, compared with adolescent controls (P = .03, eta p2 = .013). Contrastingly, adult users had significantly lower scores on both the SHAPS (P < .001, eta p2 = .030) and AES (P < .001, eta p2 = .048) after lockdown compared with adult controls. Scores on both scales increased during lockdown across groups, and this increase was significantly smaller for cannabis users (AES: P = .001, eta p2 = .014; SHAPS: P = .01, eta p2 = .008). Exploratory analyses revealed that dependent cannabis users had significantly higher scores overall (AES: P < .001, eta p2 = .037; SHAPS: P < .001, eta p2 = .029) and a larger increase in scores (AES: P = .04, eta p2 =.010; SHAPS: P = .04, eta p2 = .010), compared with non-dependent users. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that adolescents and adults have differential associations between cannabis use as well as apathy and anhedonia. Within users, dependence may be associated with higher levels of apathy and anhedonia regardless of age and a greater increase in levels during the COVID-19 lockdown. |*Anhedonia[MESH] |*Apathy[MESH] |*COVID-19[MESH] |Adolescent[MESH] |Adult[MESH] |Age Factors[MESH] |Case-Control Studies[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Marijuana Abuse/*psychology[MESH] |Marijuana Smoking/*psychology[MESH] |Surveys and Questionnaires[MESH]Apathy and Anhedonia in Adult and Adolescent Cannabis Users and Contro(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing