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SARS-CoV-2 exacerbates proinflammatory responses in myeloid cells through C-type lectin receptors and Tweety family member 2 #MMPMID34048708
Lu Q; Liu J; Zhao S; Gomez Castro MF; Laurent-Rolle M; Dong J; Ran X; Damani-Yokota P; Tang H; Karakousi T; Son J; Kaczmarek ME; Zhang Z; Yeung ST; McCune BT; Chen RE; Tang F; Ren X; Chen X; Hsu JCC; Teplova M; Huang B; Deng H; Long Z; Mudianto T; Jin S; Lin P; Du J; Zang R; Su TT; Herrera A; Zhou M; Yan R; Cui J; Zhu J; Zhou Q; Wang T; Ma J; Koralov SB; Zhang Z; Aifantis I; Segal LN; Diamond MS; Khanna KM; Stapleford KA; Cresswell P; Liu Y; Ding S; Xie Q; Wang J
Immunity 2021[Jun]; 54 (6): 1304-1319.e9 PMID34048708show ga
Despite mounting evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) engagement with immune cells, most express little, if any, of the canonical receptor of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, using a myeloid cell receptor-focused ectopic expression screen, we identified several C-type lectins (DC-SIGN, L-SIGN, LSECtin, ASGR1, and CLEC10A) and Tweety family member 2 (TTYH2) as glycan-dependent binding partners of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Except for TTYH2, these molecules primarily interacted with spike via regions outside of the receptor-binding domain. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of pulmonary cells from individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) indicated predominant expression of these molecules on myeloid cells. Although these receptors do not support active replication of SARS-CoV-2, their engagement with the virus induced robust proinflammatory responses in myeloid cells that correlated with COVID-19 severity. We also generated a bispecific anti-spike nanobody that not only blocked ACE2-mediated infection but also the myeloid receptor-mediated proinflammatory responses. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2-myeloid receptor interactions promote immune hyperactivation, which represents potential targets for COVID-19 therapy.