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10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11410 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11410 34032852!8150696!34032852     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=34032852&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Association Between Bitter Taste Receptor Phenotype and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With COVID-19 |pdf=|usr=}}{{34032852}} gab.com Text Association Between Bitter Taste Receptor Phenotype and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With COVID-19 JO: JAMA Netw Open http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34032852 #FOAvip IMPORTANCE: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) have been implicated in sinonasal innate immunity, and genetic variation conferred by allelic variants in T2R genes is associated with variation in upper respiratory tract pathogen susceptibility, symptoms, and outcomes. Bitter taste receptor phenotype appears to be associated with the clinical course and symptom duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between T2R phenotype and patient clinical course after infection with SARS-CoV-2. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective cohort study was performed from July 1 through September 30, 2020, at a tertiary outpatient clinical practice and inpatient hospital in the United States among 1935 participants (patients and health care workers) with occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2. EXPOSURE: Exposure to SARS-CoV-2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Participants underwent T2R38 phenotype taste testing to determine whether they were supertasters (those who experienced greater intensity of bitter tastes), tasters, or nontasters (those who experienced low intensity of bitter tastes or no bitter tastes) and underwent evaluation for lack of infection with SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and IgM and IgG testing. A group of participants was randomly selected for genotype analysis to correlate phenotype. Participants were followed up until confirmation of infection with SARS-CoV-2 via PCR testing. Phenotype of T2R38 was retested after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The results were compared with clinical course. RESULTS: A total of 1935 individuals (1101 women [56.9%]; mean [SD] age, 45.5 [13.9] years) participated in the study. Results of phenotype taste testing showed that 508 (26.3%) were supertasters, 917 (47.4%) were tasters, and 510 (26.4%) were nontasters. A total of 266 participants (13.7%) had positive PCR test results for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 55 (20.7%) required hospitalization. Symptom duration among patients with positive results ranged from 0 to 48 days. Nontasters were significantly more likely than tasters and supertasters to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio, 10.1 [95% CI, 5.8-17.8]; P < .001), to be hospitalized once infected (odds ratio, 3.9 [1.5-10.2]; P = .006), and to be symptomatic for a longer duration (mean [SE] duration, 23.7 [0.5] days vs 13.5 [0.4] days vs 5.0 [0.6] days; P < .001). A total of 47 of 55 patients (85.5%) with COVID-19 who required inpatient admission were nontasters. Conversely, 15 of 266 patients (5.6%) with positive PCR test results were supertasters. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study suggests that T2R38 receptor allelic variants were associated with participants' innate immune response toward SARS-CoV-2. The T2R phenotype was associated with patients' clinical course after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nontasters were more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 than the other 2 groups, suggesting enhanced innate immune protection against SARS-CoV-2. Twit Text FOAVip Association Between Bitter Taste Receptor Phenotype and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With COVID-19 ????JAMA Netw Open http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34032852 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34032852 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34032852}}</ref> Association Between Bitter Taste Receptor Phenotype and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With COVID-19 #MMPMID34032852 Barham HP; Taha MA; Broyles ST; Stevenson MM; Zito BA; Hall CA JAMA Netw Open 2021[May]; 4 (5): e2111410 PMID34032852show ga IMPORTANCE: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) have been implicated in sinonasal innate immunity, and genetic variation conferred by allelic variants in T2R genes is associated with variation in upper respiratory tract pathogen susceptibility, symptoms, and outcomes. Bitter taste receptor phenotype appears to be associated with the clinical course and symptom duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between T2R phenotype and patient clinical course after infection with SARS-CoV-2. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective cohort study was performed from July 1 through September 30, 2020, at a tertiary outpatient clinical practice and inpatient hospital in the United States among 1935 participants (patients and health care workers) with occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2. EXPOSURE: Exposure to SARS-CoV-2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Participants underwent T2R38 phenotype taste testing to determine whether they were supertasters (those who experienced greater intensity of bitter tastes), tasters, or nontasters (those who experienced low intensity of bitter tastes or no bitter tastes) and underwent evaluation for lack of infection with SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and IgM and IgG testing. A group of participants was randomly selected for genotype analysis to correlate phenotype. Participants were followed up until confirmation of infection with SARS-CoV-2 via PCR testing. Phenotype of T2R38 was retested after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The results were compared with clinical course. RESULTS: A total of 1935 individuals (1101 women [56.9%]; mean [SD] age, 45.5 [13.9] years) participated in the study. Results of phenotype taste testing showed that 508 (26.3%) were supertasters, 917 (47.4%) were tasters, and 510 (26.4%) were nontasters. A total of 266 participants (13.7%) had positive PCR test results for SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 55 (20.7%) required hospitalization. Symptom duration among patients with positive results ranged from 0 to 48 days. Nontasters were significantly more likely than tasters and supertasters to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio, 10.1 [95% CI, 5.8-17.8]; P < .001), to be hospitalized once infected (odds ratio, 3.9 [1.5-10.2]; P = .006), and to be symptomatic for a longer duration (mean [SE] duration, 23.7 [0.5] days vs 13.5 [0.4] days vs 5.0 [0.6] days; P < .001). A total of 47 of 55 patients (85.5%) with COVID-19 who required inpatient admission were nontasters. Conversely, 15 of 266 patients (5.6%) with positive PCR test results were supertasters. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study suggests that T2R38 receptor allelic variants were associated with participants' innate immune response toward SARS-CoV-2. The T2R phenotype was associated with patients' clinical course after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nontasters were more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 than the other 2 groups, suggesting enhanced innate immune protection against SARS-CoV-2. |*COVID-19/genetics/immunology/virology[MESH] |*Genetic Variation[MESH] |*Immunity, Innate[MESH] |*Phenotype[MESH] |*Severity of Illness Index[MESH] |Adult[MESH] |Alleles[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Hospitalization[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Middle Aged[MESH] |Odds Ratio[MESH] |Prospective Studies[MESH] |Protective Factors[MESH] |Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*genetics[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH] |Taste Buds[MESH] |Taste Receptors, Type 2[MESH] |Taste/*genetics[MESH]Association Between Bitter Taste Receptor Phenotype and Clinical Outco(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing