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10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.019 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.019 34024500!8144544!34024500     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Clin+Nutr+ESPEN 2021 ; 43 (ä): 1-8 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=34024500|t=2021. Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development |pdf=|usr=}}{{34024500}} gab.com Text Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development JO: Clin Nutr ESPEN http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34024500 #FOAvip BACKGROUND & AIMS: Maternal gestational infection is a well-characterized risk factor for offsprings' development of mental disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit disorder. The inflammatory response elicited by the infection is partly directed against the placenta and fetus and is the putative pathogenic mechanism for fetal brain developmental abnormalities. Fetal brain abnormalities are generally irreversible after birth and increase risk for later mental disorders. Maternal immune activation in animals models this pathophysiology. SARS-CoV-2 produces maternal inflammatory responses during pregnancy similar to previously studied common respiratory viruses. METHOD: Choline, folic acid, Vitamin D, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are among the nutrients that have been studied as possible mitigating factors for effects of maternal infection and inflammation on fetal development. Clinical and animal studies relevant to their use in pregnant women who have been infected are reviewed. RESULTS: Higher maternal choline levels have positive effects on the development of brain function for infants of mothers who experienced viral infections in early pregnancy. No other nutrient has been studied in the context of viral inflammation. Vitamin D reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in some, but not all, studies. Active folic acid metabolites decrease anti-inflammatory cytokines. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D and folic acid are already supplemented in food additives and in prenatal vitamins. Despite recommendations by several public health agencies and medical societies, choline intake is often inadequate in early gestation when the brain is forming. A public health initiative for choline supplements during the pandemic could be helpful for women planning or already pregnant who also become exposed or infected with SARS-CoV-2. Twit Text FOAVip Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development ????Clin Nutr ESPEN http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34024500 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=34024500 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|34024500}}</ref> Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development #MMPMID34024500 Hoffman MC; Freedman R; Law AJ; Clark AM; Hunter SK Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021[Jun]; 43 (ä): 1-8 PMID34024500show ga BACKGROUND & AIMS: Maternal gestational infection is a well-characterized risk factor for offsprings' development of mental disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit disorder. The inflammatory response elicited by the infection is partly directed against the placenta and fetus and is the putative pathogenic mechanism for fetal brain developmental abnormalities. Fetal brain abnormalities are generally irreversible after birth and increase risk for later mental disorders. Maternal immune activation in animals models this pathophysiology. SARS-CoV-2 produces maternal inflammatory responses during pregnancy similar to previously studied common respiratory viruses. METHOD: Choline, folic acid, Vitamin D, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are among the nutrients that have been studied as possible mitigating factors for effects of maternal infection and inflammation on fetal development. Clinical and animal studies relevant to their use in pregnant women who have been infected are reviewed. RESULTS: Higher maternal choline levels have positive effects on the development of brain function for infants of mothers who experienced viral infections in early pregnancy. No other nutrient has been studied in the context of viral inflammation. Vitamin D reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in some, but not all, studies. Active folic acid metabolites decrease anti-inflammatory cytokines. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D and folic acid are already supplemented in food additives and in prenatal vitamins. Despite recommendations by several public health agencies and medical societies, choline intake is often inadequate in early gestation when the brain is forming. A public health initiative for choline supplements during the pandemic could be helpful for women planning or already pregnant who also become exposed or infected with SARS-CoV-2. |*Brain/drug effects[MESH] |*Fetal Development/drug effects[MESH] |*Mothers[MESH] |*Nutritional Status[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |COVID-19/*complications/metabolism/virology[MESH] |Child Development/drug effects[MESH] |Choline/pharmacology/*therapeutic use[MESH] |Developmental Disabilities/etiology/prevention & control[MESH] |Dietary Supplements[MESH] |Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Fetus/drug effects[MESH] |Folic Acid/pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Infant[MESH] |Inflammation/complications/metabolism[MESH] |Nutritional Requirements[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Placenta/metabolism[MESH] |Pregnancy[MESH] |Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/metabolism/*virology[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH]Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fe(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing