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Peripheral and lung resident memory T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 #MMPMID34021148
Grau-Exposito J; Sanchez-Gaona N; Massana N; Suppi M; Astorga-Gamaza A; Perea D; Rosado J; Falco A; Kirkegaard C; Torrella A; Planas B; Navarro J; Suanzes P; Alvarez-Sierra D; Ayora A; Sansano I; Esperalba J; Andres C; Anton A; Ramon Y Cajal S; Almirante B; Pujol-Borrell R; Falco V; Burgos J; Buzon MJ; Genesca M
Nat Commun 2021[May]; 12 (1): 3010 PMID34021148show ga
Resident memory T cells (T(RM)) positioned within the respiratory tract are probably required to limit SARS-CoV-2 spread and COVID-19. Importantly, T(RM) are mostly non-recirculating, which reduces the window of opportunity to examine these cells in the blood as they move to the lung parenchyma. Here, we identify circulating virus-specific T cell responses during acute infection with functional, migratory and apoptotic patterns modulated by viral proteins and associated with clinical outcome. Disease severity is associated predominantly with IFNgamma and IL-4 responses, increased responses against S peptides and apoptosis, whereas non-hospitalized patients have increased IL-12p70 levels, degranulation in response to N peptides and SARS-CoV-2-specific CCR7(+) T cells secreting IL-10. In convalescent patients, lung-T(RM) are frequently detected even 10 months after initial infection, in which contemporaneous blood does not reflect tissue-resident profiles. Our study highlights a balanced anti-inflammatory antiviral response associated with a better outcome and persisting T(RM) cells as important for future protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.