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10.1097/YCO.0000000000000717 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000717 33965972!8154745!33965972     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Curr+Opin+Psychiatry 2021 ; 34 (4): 344-350 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33965972|t=2021. The rise of illicit fentanyls, stimulants and the fourth wave of the opioid overdose crisis |pdf=|usr=}}{{33965972}} gab.com Text The rise of illicit fentanyls, stimulants and the fourth wave of the opioid overdose crisis JO: Curr Opin Psychiatry http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33965972 #FOAvip PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides an update on recently published literature on the rise of illicit fentanyls, risks for overdose, combinations with other substances, e.g. stimulants, consequences, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Overdose due to illicit synthetic opioids (e.g. fentanyl and fentanyl analogs) continues to rise in the US both preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fentanyl-related overdose is rising in new geographic areas e.g. the western USA. Stimulant-related overdose is also increasing nationwide driven by methamphetamine and cocaine. Polysubstance use, e.g. the use of a stimulant along with an opioid is driving stimulant-related overdose. Other medical consequences of injection drug use are rising including HIV and hepatitis C infections. Medication approaches to treating opioid use disorder remain the standard of care and there are new promising pharmacological approaches to treating methamphetamine use disorder. SUMMARY: A 'fourth wave' of high mortality involving methamphetamine and cocaine use has been gathering force in the USA. Availability and use of illicit fentanyls are still the major drivers of overdose deaths and the current rise in stimulant-related deaths appears entwined with the ongoing opioid epidemic. Twit Text FOAVip The rise of illicit fentanyls, stimulants and the fourth wave of the opioid overdose crisis ????Curr Opin Psychiatry http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33965972 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33965972 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33965972}}</ref> The rise of illicit fentanyls, stimulants and the fourth wave of the opioid overdose crisis #MMPMID33965972 Ciccarone D Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021[Jul]; 34 (4): 344-350 PMID33965972show ga PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides an update on recently published literature on the rise of illicit fentanyls, risks for overdose, combinations with other substances, e.g. stimulants, consequences, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Overdose due to illicit synthetic opioids (e.g. fentanyl and fentanyl analogs) continues to rise in the US both preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fentanyl-related overdose is rising in new geographic areas e.g. the western USA. Stimulant-related overdose is also increasing nationwide driven by methamphetamine and cocaine. Polysubstance use, e.g. the use of a stimulant along with an opioid is driving stimulant-related overdose. Other medical consequences of injection drug use are rising including HIV and hepatitis C infections. Medication approaches to treating opioid use disorder remain the standard of care and there are new promising pharmacological approaches to treating methamphetamine use disorder. SUMMARY: A 'fourth wave' of high mortality involving methamphetamine and cocaine use has been gathering force in the USA. Availability and use of illicit fentanyls are still the major drivers of overdose deaths and the current rise in stimulant-related deaths appears entwined with the ongoing opioid epidemic. |Analgesics, Opioid/*poisoning[MESH] |Central Nervous System Stimulants/*poisoning[MESH] |Cocaine-Related Disorders/*epidemiology[MESH] |Cocaine/poisoning[MESH] |Comorbidity[MESH] |Drug Overdose/epidemiology[MESH] |Fentanyl/*poisoning[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Illicit Drugs/poisoning[MESH] |Methamphetamine/poisoning[MESH] |Opiate Overdose/*epidemiology[MESH]The rise of illicit fentanyls, stimulants and the fourth wave of the o(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing