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10.3390/v13040647 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3390/v13040647 33918670!8069458!33918670     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Viruses 2021 ; 13 (4): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33918670|t=2021. Quinine Inhibits Infection of Human Cell Lines with SARS-CoV-2 |pdf=|usr=}}{{33918670}} gab.com Text Quinine Inhibits Infection of Human Cell Lines with SARS-CoV-2 JO: Viruses http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33918670 #FOAvip While vaccination campaigns are ongoing worldwide, there is still a tremendous medical need for efficient antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among several drug candidates, chloroquine (CQN) and hydroxychloroquine (H-CQN) were tested intensively, and any contentious therapeutic effect of both has been discussed controversially in the light of severe side effects and missing efficacy. Originally, H-CQN descended from the natural substance quinine, a medicinal product used since the Middle Ages, which actually is regulatory approved for various indications. We hypothesized that quinine also exerts anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. In Vero cells, quinine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection more effectively than CQN, and H-CQN and was less toxic. In human Caco-2 colon epithelial cells as well as the lung cell line A549 stably expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2, quinine also showed antiviral activity. In consistence with Vero cells, quinine was less toxic in A549 as compared to CQN and H-CQN. Finally, we confirmed our findings in Calu-3 lung cells, expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 endogenously. In Calu-3, infections with high titers of SARS-CoV-2 were completely blocked by quinine, CQN, and H-CQN in concentrations above 50 microM. The estimated IC(50)s were ~25 microM in Calu-3, while overall, the inhibitors exhibit IC(50) values between ~3.7 to ~50 microM, dependent on the cell line and multiplicity of infection (MOI). Conclusively, our data indicate that quinine could have the potential of a treatment option for SARS-CoV-2, as the toxicological and pharmacological profile seems more favorable when compared to its progeny drugs H-CQN or CQN. Twit Text FOAVip Quinine Inhibits Infection of Human Cell Lines with SARS-CoV-2 ????Viruses http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33918670 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33918670 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33918670}}</ref> Quinine Inhibits Infection of Human Cell Lines with SARS-CoV-2 #MMPMID33918670 Grosse M; Ruetalo N; Layer M; Hu D; Businger R; Rheber S; Setz C; Rauch P; Auth J; Froba M; Brysch E; Schindler M; Schubert U Viruses 2021[Apr]; 13 (4): ä PMID33918670show ga While vaccination campaigns are ongoing worldwide, there is still a tremendous medical need for efficient antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among several drug candidates, chloroquine (CQN) and hydroxychloroquine (H-CQN) were tested intensively, and any contentious therapeutic effect of both has been discussed controversially in the light of severe side effects and missing efficacy. Originally, H-CQN descended from the natural substance quinine, a medicinal product used since the Middle Ages, which actually is regulatory approved for various indications. We hypothesized that quinine also exerts anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. In Vero cells, quinine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection more effectively than CQN, and H-CQN and was less toxic. In human Caco-2 colon epithelial cells as well as the lung cell line A549 stably expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2, quinine also showed antiviral activity. In consistence with Vero cells, quinine was less toxic in A549 as compared to CQN and H-CQN. Finally, we confirmed our findings in Calu-3 lung cells, expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 endogenously. In Calu-3, infections with high titers of SARS-CoV-2 were completely blocked by quinine, CQN, and H-CQN in concentrations above 50 microM. The estimated IC(50)s were ~25 microM in Calu-3, while overall, the inhibitors exhibit IC(50) values between ~3.7 to ~50 microM, dependent on the cell line and multiplicity of infection (MOI). Conclusively, our data indicate that quinine could have the potential of a treatment option for SARS-CoV-2, as the toxicological and pharmacological profile seems more favorable when compared to its progeny drugs H-CQN or CQN. |*COVID-19 Drug Treatment[MESH] |A549 Cells[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |COVID-19/virology[MESH] |Caco-2 Cells[MESH] |Cell Line[MESH] |Cell Survival/drug effects[MESH] |Chlorocebus aethiops[MESH] |Chloroquine[MESH] |Colon[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology[MESH] |Lung[MESH] |Middle Aged[MESH] |Quinine/*pharmacology[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/*drug effects[MESH]Quinine Inhibits Infection of Human Cell Lines with SARS-CoV-2 (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing