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10.1371/journal.pone.0250780 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1371/journal.pone.0250780 33909660!8081162!33909660     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       PLoS+One 2021 ; 16 (4): e0250780 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33909660|t=2021. Risk of rapid evolutionary escape from biomedical interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein |pdf=|usr=}}{{33909660}} gab.com Text Risk of rapid evolutionary escape from biomedical interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein JO: PLoS One http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33909660 #FOAvip The spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is the molecular target for many vaccines and antibody-based prophylactics aimed at bringing COVID-19 under control. Such a narrow molecular focus raises the specter of viral immune evasion as a potential failure mode for these biomedical interventions. With the emergence of new strains of SARS-CoV-2 with altered transmissibility and immune evasion potential, a critical question is this: how easily can the virus escape neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) targeting the spike RBD? To answer this question, we combined an analysis of the RBD structure-function with an evolutionary modeling framework. Our structure-function analysis revealed that epitopes for RBD-targeting nAbs overlap one another substantially and can be evaded by escape mutants with ACE2 affinities comparable to the wild type, that are observed in sequence surveillance data and infect cells in vitro. This suggests that the fitness cost of nAb-evading mutations is low. We then used evolutionary modeling to predict the frequency of immune escape before and after the widespread presence of nAbs due to vaccines, passive immunization or natural immunity. Our modeling suggests that SARS-CoV-2 mutants with one or two mildly deleterious mutations are expected to exist in high numbers due to neutral genetic variation, and consequently resistance to vaccines or other prophylactics that rely on one or two antibodies for protection can develop quickly -and repeatedly- under positive selection. Predicted resistance timelines are comparable to those of the decay kinetics of nAbs raised against vaccinal or natural antigens, raising a second potential mechanism for loss of immunity in the population. Strategies for viral elimination should therefore be diversified across molecular targets and therapeutic modalities. Twit Text FOAVip Risk of rapid evolutionary escape from biomedical interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ????PLoS One http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33909660 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33909660 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33909660}}</ref> Risk of rapid evolutionary escape from biomedical interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein #MMPMID33909660 Van Egeren D; Novokhodko A; Stoddard M; Tran U; Zetter B; Rogers M; Pentelute BL; Carlson JM; Hixon M; Joseph-McCarthy D; Chakravarty A PLoS One 2021[]; 16 (4): e0250780 PMID33909660show ga The spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is the molecular target for many vaccines and antibody-based prophylactics aimed at bringing COVID-19 under control. Such a narrow molecular focus raises the specter of viral immune evasion as a potential failure mode for these biomedical interventions. With the emergence of new strains of SARS-CoV-2 with altered transmissibility and immune evasion potential, a critical question is this: how easily can the virus escape neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) targeting the spike RBD? To answer this question, we combined an analysis of the RBD structure-function with an evolutionary modeling framework. Our structure-function analysis revealed that epitopes for RBD-targeting nAbs overlap one another substantially and can be evaded by escape mutants with ACE2 affinities comparable to the wild type, that are observed in sequence surveillance data and infect cells in vitro. This suggests that the fitness cost of nAb-evading mutations is low. We then used evolutionary modeling to predict the frequency of immune escape before and after the widespread presence of nAbs due to vaccines, passive immunization or natural immunity. Our modeling suggests that SARS-CoV-2 mutants with one or two mildly deleterious mutations are expected to exist in high numbers due to neutral genetic variation, and consequently resistance to vaccines or other prophylactics that rely on one or two antibodies for protection can develop quickly -and repeatedly- under positive selection. Predicted resistance timelines are comparable to those of the decay kinetics of nAbs raised against vaccinal or natural antigens, raising a second potential mechanism for loss of immunity in the population. Strategies for viral elimination should therefore be diversified across molecular targets and therapeutic modalities. |Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology[MESH] |Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology[MESH] |Antibodies, Viral/immunology[MESH] |Binding Sites/genetics[MESH] |COVID-19/*genetics/metabolism[MESH] |Epitopes/immunology[MESH] |Evolution, Molecular[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Immune Evasion/immunology[MESH] |Models, Molecular[MESH] |Neutralization Tests/methods[MESH] |Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism[MESH] |Protein Binding/genetics[MESH] |Protein Domains/genetics[MESH] |Receptors, Virus/metabolism[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/*genetics/pathogenicity[MESH] |Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/*genetics/metabolism[MESH]Risk of rapid evolutionary escape from biomedical interventions target(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing