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10.2991/jegh.k.210401.001 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.2991/jegh.k.210401.001 33876593!8242115!33876593     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Epidemiol+Glob+Health 2021 ; 11 (2): 143-145 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33876593|t=2021. Role of Ascertainment Bias in Determining Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 |pdf=|usr=}}{{33876593}} gab.com Text Role of Ascertainment Bias in Determining Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 JO: J Epidemiol Glob Health http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33876593 #FOAvip Case fatality rate (CFR) is used to calculate mortality burden of COVID-19 under different scenarios, thus informing risk-benefit balance of interventions both pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical. However, observed CFR is driven by testing: as more low-risk cases are identified, observed CFR will decline. This report quantifies test bias by modeling observed CFR as log-log-linear function of test density (tests per population) in 163 countries. CFR declined almost 20% (e.g. from 5% to 4%) for each doubling of test density (p < 0.0001); this association did not vary by continent (interaction p > 0.10) although at any given test density CFR was higher in Europe or North America than in Asia or Africa. This effect of test density on observed CFR is adequate to hide all but the largest true differences in case survivorship. Published estimates of CFR should specify test density, and comparisons should correct for it such as by applying the provided model. Twit Text FOAVip Role of Ascertainment Bias in Determining Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 ????J Epidemiol Glob Health http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33876593 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33876593 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33876593}}</ref> Role of Ascertainment Bias in Determining Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 #MMPMID33876593 Smith MP J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021[Jun]; 11 (2): 143-145 PMID33876593show ga Case fatality rate (CFR) is used to calculate mortality burden of COVID-19 under different scenarios, thus informing risk-benefit balance of interventions both pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical. However, observed CFR is driven by testing: as more low-risk cases are identified, observed CFR will decline. This report quantifies test bias by modeling observed CFR as log-log-linear function of test density (tests per population) in 163 countries. CFR declined almost 20% (e.g. from 5% to 4%) for each doubling of test density (p < 0.0001); this association did not vary by continent (interaction p > 0.10) although at any given test density CFR was higher in Europe or North America than in Asia or Africa. This effect of test density on observed CFR is adequate to hide all but the largest true differences in case survivorship. Published estimates of CFR should specify test density, and comparisons should correct for it such as by applying the provided model. |Africa/epidemiology[MESH] |Asia/epidemiology[MESH] |Bias[MESH] |COVID-19/*mortality[MESH] |Europe/epidemiology[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |North America/epidemiology[MESH]Role of Ascertainment Bias in Determining Case Fatality Rate of COVID-(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing