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10.1016/j.cjco.2021.04.004 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.cjco.2021.04.004 33875979!8046706!33875979     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=33875979&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215       CJC+Open 2021 ; 3 (8): 1060-1074 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33875979|t=2021. Classical and Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Key Roles in COVID-19 Pathophysiology |pdf=|usr=}}{{33875979}} gab.com Text Classical and Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Key Roles in COVID-19 Pathophysiology JO: CJC Open http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33875979 #FOAvip In the current COVID-19 pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors for cell entry, leading to ACE-2 dysfunction and downregulation, which disturb the balance between the classical and counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in favor of the classical RAS. RAS dysregulation is one of the major characteristics of several cardiovascular diseases; thus, adjustment of this system is the main therapeutic target. RAS inhibitors-particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs)-are commonly used for treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Patients with cardiovascular diseases are the group most commonly seen among those with COVID-19 comorbidity. At the beginning of this pandemic, a dilemma occurred regarding the use of ACEIs and ARBs, potentially aggravating cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Urgent clinical trials from different countries and hospitals reported that there is no association between RAS inhibitor treatment and COVID-19 infection or comorbidity complication. Nevertheless, the disturbance of the RAS that is associated with COVID-19 infection and the potential treatment targeting this area have yet to be resolved. In this review, the link between the dysregulation of classical RAS and counter-regulatory RAS activities in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular metabolic diseases is investigated. In addition, the latest findings based on ACEI and ARB administration and ACE-2 availability in relation to COVID-19, which may provide a better understanding of the RAS contribution to COVID-19 pathology, are discussed, as they are of the utmost importance amid the current pandemic. Twit Text FOAVip Classical and Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Key Roles in COVID-19 Pathophysiology ????CJC Open http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33875979 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33875979 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33875979}}</ref> Classical and Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Key Roles in COVID-19 Pathophysiology #MMPMID33875979 Almutlaq M; Alamro AA; Alroqi F; Barhoumi T CJC Open 2021[Aug]; 3 (8): 1060-1074 PMID33875979show ga In the current COVID-19 pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors for cell entry, leading to ACE-2 dysfunction and downregulation, which disturb the balance between the classical and counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in favor of the classical RAS. RAS dysregulation is one of the major characteristics of several cardiovascular diseases; thus, adjustment of this system is the main therapeutic target. RAS inhibitors-particularly angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs)-are commonly used for treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Patients with cardiovascular diseases are the group most commonly seen among those with COVID-19 comorbidity. At the beginning of this pandemic, a dilemma occurred regarding the use of ACEIs and ARBs, potentially aggravating cardiovascular and pulmonary dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Urgent clinical trials from different countries and hospitals reported that there is no association between RAS inhibitor treatment and COVID-19 infection or comorbidity complication. Nevertheless, the disturbance of the RAS that is associated with COVID-19 infection and the potential treatment targeting this area have yet to be resolved. In this review, the link between the dysregulation of classical RAS and counter-regulatory RAS activities in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular metabolic diseases is investigated. In addition, the latest findings based on ACEI and ARB administration and ACE-2 availability in relation to COVID-19, which may provide a better understanding of the RAS contribution to COVID-19 pathology, are discussed, as they are of the utmost importance amid the current pandemic. ?Classical and Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential K(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing