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10.1016/j.envint.2021.106541 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106541 33845290!ä!33845290 Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=33845290&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Variation in chemical composition and sources of PM(2 5) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi |pdf=|usr=}}{{33845290}} gab.com Text Variation in chemical composition and sources of PM(2 5) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi JO: Environ Int http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33845290 #FOAvip The Government of India (GOI) announced a nationwide lockdown starting 25th March 2020 to contain the spread of COVID-19, leading to an unprecedented decline in anthropogenic activities and, in turn, improvements in ambient air quality. This is the first study to focus on highly time-resolved chemical speciation and source apportionment of PM(2.5) to assess the impact of the lockdown and subsequent relaxations on the sources of ambient PM(2.5) in Delhi, India. The elemental, organic, and black carbon fractions of PM(2.5) were measured at the IIT Delhi campus from February 2020 to May 2020. We report source apportionment results using positive matrix factorization (PMF) of organic and elemental fractions of PM(2.5) during the different phases of the lockdown. The resolved sources such as vehicular emissions, domestic coal combustion, and semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SVOOA) were found to decrease by 96%, 95%, and 86%, respectively, during lockdown phase-1 as compared to pre-lockdown. An unforeseen rise in O(3) concentrations with declining NO(x) levels was observed, similar to other parts of the globe, leading to the low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosols (LVOOA) increasing to almost double the pre-lockdown concentrations during the last phase of the lockdown. The effect of the lockdown was found to be less pronounced on other resolved sources like secondary chloride, power plants, dust-related, hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols (HOA), and biomass burning related emissions, which were also swayed by the changing meteorological conditions during the four lockdown phases. The results presented in this study provide a basis for future emission control strategies, quantifying the extent to which constraining certain anthropogenic activities can ameliorate the ambient air. These results have direct relevance to not only Delhi but the entire Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP), citing similar geographical and meteorological conditions common to the region along with overlapping regional emission sources. SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS: We identify sources like vehicular emissions, domestic coal combustion, and semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SVOOA) to be severely impacted by the lockdown, whereas ozone levels and, in turn, low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosols (LVOOA) rise by more than 95% compared to the pre-lockdown concentrations during the last phase of the lockdown. However, other sources resolved in this study, like secondary chloride, power plants, dust-related, hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols (HOA), and biomass burning related emissions, were mainly driven by the changes in the meteorological conditions rather than the lockdown. Twit Text FOAVip Variation in chemical composition and sources of PM(2 5) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi ????Environ Int http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33845290 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33845290 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33845290}}</ref> Variation in chemical composition and sources of PM(2 5) during the COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi #MMPMID33845290 Manchanda C; Kumar M; Singh V; Faisal M; Hazarika N; Shukla A; Lalchandani V; Goel V; Thamban N; Ganguly D; Tripathi SN Environ Int 2021[Aug]; 153 (ä): 106541 PMID33845290show ga The Government of India (GOI) announced a nationwide lockdown starting 25th March 2020 to contain the spread of COVID-19, leading to an unprecedented decline in anthropogenic activities and, in turn, improvements in ambient air quality. This is the first study to focus on highly time-resolved chemical speciation and source apportionment of PM(2.5) to assess the impact of the lockdown and subsequent relaxations on the sources of ambient PM(2.5) in Delhi, India. The elemental, organic, and black carbon fractions of PM(2.5) were measured at the IIT Delhi campus from February 2020 to May 2020. We report source apportionment results using positive matrix factorization (PMF) of organic and elemental fractions of PM(2.5) during the different phases of the lockdown. The resolved sources such as vehicular emissions, domestic coal combustion, and semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SVOOA) were found to decrease by 96%, 95%, and 86%, respectively, during lockdown phase-1 as compared to pre-lockdown. An unforeseen rise in O(3) concentrations with declining NO(x) levels was observed, similar to other parts of the globe, leading to the low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosols (LVOOA) increasing to almost double the pre-lockdown concentrations during the last phase of the lockdown. The effect of the lockdown was found to be less pronounced on other resolved sources like secondary chloride, power plants, dust-related, hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols (HOA), and biomass burning related emissions, which were also swayed by the changing meteorological conditions during the four lockdown phases. The results presented in this study provide a basis for future emission control strategies, quantifying the extent to which constraining certain anthropogenic activities can ameliorate the ambient air. These results have direct relevance to not only Delhi but the entire Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP), citing similar geographical and meteorological conditions common to the region along with overlapping regional emission sources. SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS: We identify sources like vehicular emissions, domestic coal combustion, and semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SVOOA) to be severely impacted by the lockdown, whereas ozone levels and, in turn, low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosols (LVOOA) rise by more than 95% compared to the pre-lockdown concentrations during the last phase of the lockdown. However, other sources resolved in this study, like secondary chloride, power plants, dust-related, hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols (HOA), and biomass burning related emissions, were mainly driven by the changes in the meteorological conditions rather than the lockdown. |*Air Pollutants/analysis[MESH] |*COVID-19[MESH] |Aerosols/analysis[MESH] |Communicable Disease Control[MESH] |Environmental Monitoring[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |India[MESH] |Particulate Matter/analysis[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH] |Seasons[MESH]Variation in chemical composition and sources of PM(2 5) during the CO(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing