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10.1093/aje/kwab098 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1093/aje/kwab098 33831177!8083564!33831177     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=33831177&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Am+J+Epidemiol 2021 ; 190 (9): 1918-1927 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33831177|t=2021. Snowball Sampling Study Design for Serosurveys Early in Disease Outbreaks |pdf=|usr=}}{{33831177}} gab.com Text Snowball Sampling Study Design for Serosurveys Early in Disease Outbreaks JO: Am J Epidemiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33831177 #FOAvip Serological surveys can provide evidence of cases that were not previously detected, depict the spectrum of disease severity, and estimate the proportion of asymptomatic infections. To capture these parameters, survey sample sizes may need to be very large, especially when the overall infection rate is still low. Therefore, we propose the use of "snowball sampling" to enrich serological surveys by testing contacts of infected persons identified in the early stages of an outbreak. For future emerging pandemics, this observational study sampling design can answer many key questions, such as estimation of the asymptomatic proportion of all infected cases, the probability of a given clinical presentation for a seropositive individual, or the association between characteristics of either the host or the infection and seropositivity among contacts of index individuals. We provide examples, in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, of studies and analysis methods that use a snowball sample and perform a simulation study that demonstrates scenarios where snowball sampling can answer these questions more efficiently than other sampling schemes. We hope such study designs can be applied to provide valuable information to slow the present pandemic as it enters its next stage and in early stages of future pandemics. Twit Text FOAVip Snowball Sampling Study Design for Serosurveys Early in Disease Outbreaks ????Am J Epidemiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33831177 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33831177 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33831177}}</ref> Snowball Sampling Study Design for Serosurveys Early in Disease Outbreaks #MMPMID33831177 Kennedy-Shaffer L; Qiu X; Hanage WP Am J Epidemiol 2021[Sep]; 190 (9): 1918-1927 PMID33831177show ga Serological surveys can provide evidence of cases that were not previously detected, depict the spectrum of disease severity, and estimate the proportion of asymptomatic infections. To capture these parameters, survey sample sizes may need to be very large, especially when the overall infection rate is still low. Therefore, we propose the use of "snowball sampling" to enrich serological surveys by testing contacts of infected persons identified in the early stages of an outbreak. For future emerging pandemics, this observational study sampling design can answer many key questions, such as estimation of the asymptomatic proportion of all infected cases, the probability of a given clinical presentation for a seropositive individual, or the association between characteristics of either the host or the infection and seropositivity among contacts of index individuals. We provide examples, in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, of studies and analysis methods that use a snowball sample and perform a simulation study that demonstrates scenarios where snowball sampling can answer these questions more efficiently than other sampling schemes. We hope such study designs can be applied to provide valuable information to slow the present pandemic as it enters its next stage and in early stages of future pandemics. |COVID-19/*epidemiology[MESH] |Computer Simulation[MESH] |Contact Tracing[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH] |Sampling Studies[MESH]Snowball Sampling Study Design for Serosurveys Early in Disease Outbre(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing