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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Diabetes+Metab+Syndr 2021 ; 15 (3): 757-764 Nephropedia Template TP
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Impact of the vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 infection and mortality in Asian countries #MMPMID33823331
Jayawardena R; Jeyakumar DT; Francis TV; Misra A
Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021[May]; 15 (3): 757-764 PMID33823331show ga
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 is a pandemic that has affected beyond 100 million and caused nearly 3 million deaths globally. Vitamin D is a known risk factor for COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and mean vitamin D level with COVID-19 infection and mortality in Asia, predicting with other confounding factors such as median age, obesity, and diabetes. METHODS: COVID-19 infections and mortalities among the Asian countries were retrieved from the Worldometer website. Information on prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and mean vitamin D values in each Asian country was retrieved through literature searching on PubMed(R) and Google scholar. The associations between COVID-19 infections and mortalities with prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and mean vitamin D level were explored with correlation coefficients. As a predictive analysis, multiple linear regression was carried out with all confounders. RESULTS: Positive correlations were observed for prevalence of vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19 infections (r = 0.55; p = 0.01; R(2) = 0.31) and mortalities (r = 0.50; p = 0.01; R(2) = 0.25). Moreover, the associations for the COVID-19 infections and mortalities improved to r = 0.76 (p = 0.002; R(2) = 0.58) and r = 0.65 (p = 0.03; R(2) = 0.42), respectively, after predicting with confounding factors. Similarly, mean vitamin D level had a significant negative correlation with COVID-19 infections (r = -0.77; p = 0.04; R(2) = 0.59) and mortalities (r = -0.80; p = 0.03; R(2) = 0.63) when combining with confounders. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is significantly positively associated whereas the mean vitamin D level is significantly negatively associated with both infection and mortality rate of COVID-19 among Asian countries upon predicting with all confounders.
|Adolescent[MESH]
|Adult[MESH]
|Age Factors[MESH]
|Aged[MESH]
|Aged, 80 and over[MESH]
|Asia/epidemiology[MESH]
|COVID-19/blood/*epidemiology/mortality[MESH]
|Child[MESH]
|Child, Preschool[MESH]
|Diabetes Complications/epidemiology[MESH]
|Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology[MESH]
|Female[MESH]
|Humans[MESH]
|Infant[MESH]
|Infant, Newborn[MESH]
|Male[MESH]
|Middle Aged[MESH]
|Mortality[MESH]
|Obesity/complications/epidemiology[MESH]
|Pandemics[MESH]
|Prevalence[MESH]
|Risk Factors[MESH]
|SARS-CoV-2/physiology[MESH]
|Vitamin D Deficiency/*epidemiology/mortality[MESH]