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10.3390/biom11030430

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3390/biom11030430
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33804076!7998537!33804076
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid33804076      Biomolecules 2021 ; 11 (3): ä
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  • Blood Levels of Galectin-9, an Immuno-Regulating Molecule, Reflect the Severity for the Acute and Chronic Infectious Diseases #MMPMID33804076
  • Iwasaki-Hozumi H; Chagan-Yasutan H; Ashino Y; Hattori T
  • Biomolecules 2021[Mar]; 11 (3): ä PMID33804076show ga
  • Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin capable of promoting or suppressing the progression of infectious diseases. This protein is susceptible to cleavage of its linker-peptides by several proteases, and the resulting cleaved forms, N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and C-terminal CRD, bind to various glycans. It has been suggested that full-length (FL)-Gal-9 and the truncated (Tr)-Gal-9s could exert different functions from one another via their different glycan-binding activities. We propose that FL-Gal-9 regulates the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, HIV co-infected with opportunistic infection (HIV/OI), dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, and tuberculosis (TB). We also suggest that the blood levels of FL-Gal-9 reflect the severity of dengue, malaria, and HIV/OI, and those of Tr-Gal-9 markedly reflect the severity of HIV/OI. Recently, matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) was suggested to be an indicator of respiratory failure from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as useful for differentiating pulmonary from extrapulmonary TB. The protease cleavage of FL-Gal-9 may lead to uncontrolled hyper-immune activation, including a cytokine storm. In summary, Gal-9 has potential to reflect the disease severity for the acute and chronic infectious diseases.
  • |Acute Disease[MESH]
  • |Amino Acid Sequence[MESH]
  • |COVID-19/blood/physiopathology[MESH]
  • |Chronic Disease[MESH]
  • |Communicable Diseases/*blood/immunology/physiopathology[MESH]
  • |Dengue/blood/physiopathology[MESH]
  • |Galectins/*blood/genetics/metabolism[MESH]
  • |HIV Infections/blood/physiopathology[MESH]
  • |Humans[MESH]
  • |Immunologic Factors/metabolism[MESH]
  • |Leptospirosis/blood/physiopathology[MESH]
  • |Malaria/blood/physiopathology[MESH]


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