Dev Dyn 2022[Jan]; 251 (1): 105-124 PMID33797140show ga
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) plays a crucial role in tumor progression. It can inhibit early cancer stages but promotes tumor growth and development at the late stages of tumorigenesis. TGF-beta1 has a potent immunosuppressive function within the tumor microenvironment that largely contributes to tumor cells' immune escape and reduction in cancer immunotherapy responses. Likewise, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been postulated as leading tumor promoters and a hallmark of cancer immune evasion mechanisms. This review attempts to analyze the prominent roles of both TGF-beta1 and MDSCs and their interplay in cancer immunity. Furthermore, therapies against either TGF-beta1 or MDSCs, and their potential synergistic combination with immunotherapies are discussed. Simultaneous TGF-beta1 and MDSCs inhibition suggest a potential improvement in immunotherapy or subverted tumor immune resistance.
Dev+Dyn 2022 ; 251 (1): 105-124
