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10.1111/jeb.13771 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1111/jeb.13771 33751699!8242483!33751699     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Evol+Biol 2021 ; 34 (6): 924-936 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33751699|t=2021. Variable routes to genomic and host adaptation among coronaviruses |pdf=|usr=}}{{33751699}} gab.com Text Variable routes to genomic and host adaptation among coronaviruses JO: J Evol Biol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33751699 #FOAvip Natural selection operating on the genomes of viral pathogens in different host species strongly contributes to adaptation facilitating host colonization. Here, we analyse, quantify and compare viral adaptation in genomic sequence data derived from seven zoonotic events in the Coronaviridae family among primary, intermediate and human hosts. Rates of nonsynonymous (d(N) ) and synonymous (d(S) ) changes on specific amino acid positions were quantified for each open reading frame (ORF). Purifying selection accounted for 77% of all sites under selection. Diversifying selection was most frequently observed in viruses infecting the primary hosts of each virus and predominantly occurred in the orf1ab genomic region. Within all four intermediate hosts, diversifying selection on the spike gene was observed either solitarily or in combination with orf1ab and other genes. Consistent with previous evidence, pervasive diversifying selection on coronavirus spike genes corroborates the role this protein plays in host cellular entry, adaptation to new hosts and evasion of host cellular immune responses. Structural modelling of spike proteins identified a significantly higher proportion of sites for SARS-CoV-2 under positive selection in close proximity to sites of glycosylation relative to the other coronaviruses. Among human coronaviruses, there was a significant inverse correlation between the number of sites under positive selection and the estimated years since the virus was introduced into the human population. Abundant diversifying selection observed in SARS-CoV-2 suggests the virus remains in the adaptive phase of the host switch, typical of recent host switches. A mechanistic understanding of where, when and how genomic adaptation occurs in coronaviruses following a host shift is crucial for vaccine design, public health responses and predicting future pandemics. Twit Text FOAVip Variable routes to genomic and host adaptation among coronaviruses ????J Evol Biol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33751699 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33751699 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33751699}}</ref> Variable routes to genomic and host adaptation among coronaviruses #MMPMID33751699 Montoya V; McLaughlin A; Mordecai GJ; Miller RL; Joy JB J Evol Biol 2021[Jun]; 34 (6): 924-936 PMID33751699show ga Natural selection operating on the genomes of viral pathogens in different host species strongly contributes to adaptation facilitating host colonization. Here, we analyse, quantify and compare viral adaptation in genomic sequence data derived from seven zoonotic events in the Coronaviridae family among primary, intermediate and human hosts. Rates of nonsynonymous (d(N) ) and synonymous (d(S) ) changes on specific amino acid positions were quantified for each open reading frame (ORF). Purifying selection accounted for 77% of all sites under selection. Diversifying selection was most frequently observed in viruses infecting the primary hosts of each virus and predominantly occurred in the orf1ab genomic region. Within all four intermediate hosts, diversifying selection on the spike gene was observed either solitarily or in combination with orf1ab and other genes. Consistent with previous evidence, pervasive diversifying selection on coronavirus spike genes corroborates the role this protein plays in host cellular entry, adaptation to new hosts and evasion of host cellular immune responses. Structural modelling of spike proteins identified a significantly higher proportion of sites for SARS-CoV-2 under positive selection in close proximity to sites of glycosylation relative to the other coronaviruses. Among human coronaviruses, there was a significant inverse correlation between the number of sites under positive selection and the estimated years since the virus was introduced into the human population. Abundant diversifying selection observed in SARS-CoV-2 suggests the virus remains in the adaptive phase of the host switch, typical of recent host switches. A mechanistic understanding of where, when and how genomic adaptation occurs in coronaviruses following a host shift is crucial for vaccine design, public health responses and predicting future pandemics. |*Evolution, Molecular[MESH] |*Selection, Genetic[MESH] |Adaptation, Biological/*genetics[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Coronavirus/*genetics[MESH] |Genome, Viral[MESH] |Host-Pathogen Interactions[MESH] |Humans[MESH]Variable routes to genomic and host adaptation among coronaviruses (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing