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10.1111/imm.13329 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1111/imm.13329 33742451!8251486!33742451     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Immunology 2021 ; 163 (4): 416-430 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33742451|t=2021. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, a double-edged sword?|pdf=|usr=}}{{33742451}} gab.com Text Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, a double-edged sword JO: Immunology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33742451 #FOAvip The sudden outbreak of SARS-CoV-2-infected disease (COVID-19), initiated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly grown into a global pandemic. Emerging evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key intercellular communicator, in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. In the pathogenesis of COVID-19, cells that express ACE2 and CD9 can transfer these viral receptors to other cells via EVs, making recipient cells more susceptible for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Once infected, cells release EVs packaged with viral particles that further facilitate viral spreading and immune evasion, aggravating COVID-19 and its complications. In contrast, EVs derived from stem cells, especially mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, alleviate severe inflammation (cytokine storm) and repair damaged lung cells in COVID-19 by delivery of anti-inflammatory molecules. These therapeutic beneficial EVs can also be engineered into drug delivery platforms or vaccines to fight against COVID-19. Therefore, EVs from diverse sources exhibit distinct effects in regulating viral infection, immune response, and tissue damage/repair, functioning as a double-edged sword in COVID-19. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the pathological roles of EVs in COVID-19. A comprehensive discussion of the therapeutic effects/potentials of EVs is also provided. Twit Text FOAVip Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, a double-edged sword ????Immunology http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33742451 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33742451 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33742451}}</ref> Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, a double-edged sword? #MMPMID33742451 Xia X; Yuan P; Liu Y; Wang Y; Cao W; Zheng JC Immunology 2021[Aug]; 163 (4): 416-430 PMID33742451show ga The sudden outbreak of SARS-CoV-2-infected disease (COVID-19), initiated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly grown into a global pandemic. Emerging evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key intercellular communicator, in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. In the pathogenesis of COVID-19, cells that express ACE2 and CD9 can transfer these viral receptors to other cells via EVs, making recipient cells more susceptible for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Once infected, cells release EVs packaged with viral particles that further facilitate viral spreading and immune evasion, aggravating COVID-19 and its complications. In contrast, EVs derived from stem cells, especially mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, alleviate severe inflammation (cytokine storm) and repair damaged lung cells in COVID-19 by delivery of anti-inflammatory molecules. These therapeutic beneficial EVs can also be engineered into drug delivery platforms or vaccines to fight against COVID-19. Therefore, EVs from diverse sources exhibit distinct effects in regulating viral infection, immune response, and tissue damage/repair, functioning as a double-edged sword in COVID-19. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the pathological roles of EVs in COVID-19. A comprehensive discussion of the therapeutic effects/potentials of EVs is also provided. |Animals[MESH] |Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage[MESH] |COVID-19 Drug Treatment[MESH] |COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage[MESH] |COVID-19/immunology/metabolism/therapy/*virology[MESH] |Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology/metabolism/virology[MESH] |Cytokines/metabolism[MESH] |Drug Carriers[MESH] |Extracellular Vesicles/immunology/metabolism/transplantation/*virology[MESH] |Host-Pathogen Interactions[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Inflammation Mediators/metabolism[MESH] |Lung/immunology/metabolism/*virology[MESH] |Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/immunology/*pathogenicity[MESH]Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19, a double-edged s(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing