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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Sci+Total+Environ 2021 ; 778 (ä): 146198 Nephropedia Template TP
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The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human sewage in Santa Catarina, Brazil, November 2019 #MMPMID33714813
Fongaro G; Stoco PH; Souza DSM; Grisard EC; Magri ME; Rogovski P; Schorner MA; Barazzetti FH; Christoff AP; de Oliveira LFV; Bazzo ML; Wagner G; Hernandez M; Rodriguez-Lazaro D
Sci Total Environ 2021[Jul]; 778 (ä): 146198 PMID33714813show ga
Human sewage from Florianopolis (Santa Catarina, Brazil) was analyzed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) from October 2019 until March 2020. Twenty five ml of sewage samples were clarified and viruses concentrated using a glycine buffer method coupled with polyethylene glycol precipitation, and viral RNA extracted using a commercial kit. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by RT-qPCR using oligonucleotides targeting N1, S and two RdRp regions. The results of all positive samples were further confirmed by a different RT-qPCR system in an independent laboratory. S and RdRp amplicons were sequenced to confirm identity with SARS-CoV-2. Genome sequencing was performed using two strategies; a sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) approach, and by direct metagenomics using Illumina's NGS. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on 27th November 2019 (5.49 +/- 0.02 log(10) SARS-CoV-2 genome copies (GC) L(-1)), detection being confirmed by an independent laboratory and genome sequencing analysis. The samples in the subsequent three events were positive by all RT-qPCR assays; these positive results were also confirmed by an independent laboratory. The average load was 5.83 +/- 0.12 log(10) SARS-CoV-2 GC L(-1), ranging from 5.49 +/- 0.02 log(10) GC L(-1) (27th November 2019) to 6.68 +/- 0.02 log(10) GC L(-1) (4th March 2020). Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 was likely circulating undetected in the community in Brazil since November 2019, earlier than the first reported case in the Americas (21st January 2020).