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10.1016/j.amjms.2021.03.003 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.amjms.2021.03.003 33705721!7938189!33705721     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Am+J+Med+Sci 2021 ; 361 (6): 683-689 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33705721|t=2021. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine and Nonspecific Immunity |pdf=|usr=}}{{33705721}} gab.com Text Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine and Nonspecific Immunity JO: Am J Med Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33705721 #FOAvip Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world. It protects against many non-mycobacterial infections secondary to its nonspecific immune effects. The mechanism for these effects includes modification of innate and adaptive immunity. The alteration in innate immunity is through histone modifications and epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes to develop an inflammatory phenotype, a process called "trained immunity." The memory T cells of adaptive immunity are also responsible for resistance against secondary infections after administration of BCG vaccine, a process called "heterologous immunity." Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is known to not only boosts immune responses to many vaccines when they are co-administered but also decrease severity of these infections when used alone. The BCG vaccine by itself induces a TH1 type response, and its use as a vector has also shown promising results. This review article summarizes the studies showing effects of BCG vaccines on various viral infections, its role in enhancing vaccine responses, the mechanisms for this protective effect, and information on its effect on COVID-19. Twit Text FOAVip Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine and Nonspecific Immunity ????Am J Med Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33705721 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33705721 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33705721}}</ref> Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine and Nonspecific Immunity #MMPMID33705721 Parmar K; Siddiqui A; Nugent K Am J Med Sci 2021[Jun]; 361 (6): 683-689 PMID33705721show ga Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world. It protects against many non-mycobacterial infections secondary to its nonspecific immune effects. The mechanism for these effects includes modification of innate and adaptive immunity. The alteration in innate immunity is through histone modifications and epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes to develop an inflammatory phenotype, a process called "trained immunity." The memory T cells of adaptive immunity are also responsible for resistance against secondary infections after administration of BCG vaccine, a process called "heterologous immunity." Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is known to not only boosts immune responses to many vaccines when they are co-administered but also decrease severity of these infections when used alone. The BCG vaccine by itself induces a TH1 type response, and its use as a vector has also shown promising results. This review article summarizes the studies showing effects of BCG vaccines on various viral infections, its role in enhancing vaccine responses, the mechanisms for this protective effect, and information on its effect on COVID-19. |*COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/prevention & control[MESH] |Adaptive Immunity/*drug effects[MESH] |Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology[MESH] |BCG Vaccine/*pharmacology[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Immunity, Innate/*drug effects[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/physiology[MESH]Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine and Nonspecific Immunity (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing