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10.3390/jcm10040849 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3390/jcm10040849 33669527!7921979!33669527     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=33669527&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Immunological Characteristics of Non-Intensive Care Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report |pdf=|usr=}}{{33669527}} gab.com Text Immunological Characteristics of Non-Intensive Care Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report JO: J Clin Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33669527 #FOAvip The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is posing a threat to global health. This disease has different clinical manifestations and different outcomes. The immune response to the novel 2019 coronavirus is complex and involves both innate and adaptive immunity. In this context, cell-mediated immunity plays a vital role in effective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Significant differences have been observed when comparing severe and non-severe patients. Since these immunological characteristics have not been fully elucidated, we aimed to use cluster analysis to investigate the immune cell patterns in patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization but not intensive care. We identified four clusters of different immunological patterns, the worst being characterized by total lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes CD4(+) (CD4(+)), T cytotoxic lymphocytes CD8(+) (CD8(+)) and natural killer (NK) cells below the normal range, together with natural killer lymphocyte granzyme < 50% (NK granzyme(+)) and antibody-secreting plasma cells (ASCs) equal to 0 with fatal outcomes. In the worst group, 50% of patients died in the intensive care unit. Moreover, a negative trend was found among four groups regarding total lymphocytes, CD4(+), CD8(+) and B lymphocytes (p < 0.001, p < 0.005, p < 0.000, p < 0.044, respectively). This detailed analysis of immune changes may have prognostic value. It may provide a new perspective for identifying subsets of COVID-19 patients and selecting novel prospective treatment strategies. Notwithstanding these results, this is a preliminary report with a small sample size, and our data may not be generalizable. Further cohort studies with larger samples are necessary to quantify the prognostic value's weight, according to immunological changes in COVID-19 patients, for predicting prognoses and realizing improvements in clinical conditions. Twit Text FOAVip Immunological Characteristics of Non-Intensive Care Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report ????J Clin Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33669527 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33669527 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33669527}}</ref> Immunological Characteristics of Non-Intensive Care Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report #MMPMID33669527 Corrao S; Gervasi F; Di Bernardo F; Natoli G; Raspanti M; Catalano N; Argano C J Clin Med 2021[Feb]; 10 (4): ä PMID33669527show ga The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is posing a threat to global health. This disease has different clinical manifestations and different outcomes. The immune response to the novel 2019 coronavirus is complex and involves both innate and adaptive immunity. In this context, cell-mediated immunity plays a vital role in effective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Significant differences have been observed when comparing severe and non-severe patients. Since these immunological characteristics have not been fully elucidated, we aimed to use cluster analysis to investigate the immune cell patterns in patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization but not intensive care. We identified four clusters of different immunological patterns, the worst being characterized by total lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes CD4(+) (CD4(+)), T cytotoxic lymphocytes CD8(+) (CD8(+)) and natural killer (NK) cells below the normal range, together with natural killer lymphocyte granzyme < 50% (NK granzyme(+)) and antibody-secreting plasma cells (ASCs) equal to 0 with fatal outcomes. In the worst group, 50% of patients died in the intensive care unit. Moreover, a negative trend was found among four groups regarding total lymphocytes, CD4(+), CD8(+) and B lymphocytes (p < 0.001, p < 0.005, p < 0.000, p < 0.044, respectively). This detailed analysis of immune changes may have prognostic value. It may provide a new perspective for identifying subsets of COVID-19 patients and selecting novel prospective treatment strategies. Notwithstanding these results, this is a preliminary report with a small sample size, and our data may not be generalizable. Further cohort studies with larger samples are necessary to quantify the prognostic value's weight, according to immunological changes in COVID-19 patients, for predicting prognoses and realizing improvements in clinical conditions. äImmunological Characteristics of Non-Intensive Care Hospitalized COVID(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing