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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 298.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Public+Health+Nutr 2021 ; 24 (12): 3905-3915 Nephropedia Template TP
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Changes in ultra-processed food consumption during the first Italian lockdown following the COVID-19 pandemic and major correlates: results from two population-based cohorts #MMPMID33663640
Bonaccio M; Costanzo S; Ruggiero E; Persichillo M; Esposito S; Olivieri M; Di Castelnuovo A; Cerletti C; Donati MB; de Gaetano G; Iacoviello L
Public Health Nutr 2021[Aug]; 24 (12): 3905-3915 PMID33663640show ga
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and its major correlates during the first Italian lockdown (9 March-3 May 2020). DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Italy. PARTICIPANTS: We analysed 2992 subjects (mean age 57.9 +/- 15.3 years, 40.4 % men). Individual participant data were pooled from two retrospective cohorts: (1) The Moli-LOCK cohort consists of 1501 adults, a portion of the larger Moli-sani study (n 24 325; 2005-2010) who were administered a phone-based questionnaire to assess lifestyles and psychological factors during confinement and (2) the Analysis of Long Term Risk of Covid-19 Emergency is a web-based survey of 1491 individuals distributed throughout Italy who self-responded to the same questionnaire by using Google forms.UPF was defined according to NOVA classification based on degree of food processing. An UPF score was created by assigning 1 point to increased consumption, -1 to decreased and 0 point for unchanged intakes of nineteen food items, with higher values indicating an increase in UPF during confinement. RESULTS: Overall, 37.5 % of the population reported some increase in UPF (UPF score >/=1). Adults were more likely to decrease UPF (multivariable regression coefficient beta = -1.94; 95 % CI -2.72, -1.17 for individuals aged >75 years as compared with 18-39 years) as did individuals from southern Italian regions as compared with Northern inhabitants (beta = -1.32; 95 % CI -1.80, -0.84), while UPF lowering associated with increased exercise (beta = -0.90; 95 % CI -1.46, -0.35) and weight loss (beta = -1.05; 95 % CI -1.51, -0.59) during confinement. CONCLUSIONS: During the first Italian lockdown, about 40 % of our population switched to unfavourable eating as reflected by increased UPF intake and this may have long-term effects for health.