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10.1080/15563650.2020.1842882 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1080/15563650.2020.1842882 33641562!7919102!33641562     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Clin+Toxicol+(Phila) 2021 ; 59 (7): 644-647 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33641562|t=2021. Safety and effectiveness concerns of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 affected patients: a retrospective series |pdf=|usr=}}{{33641562}} gab.com Text Safety and effectiveness concerns of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 affected patients: a retrospective series JO: Clin Toxicol (Phila) http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33641562 #FOAvip CONTEXT: Originally developed for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the antiviral combination lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is being repurposed for treating the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) despite minimal experience in this markedly different population and an in-vitro derived EC50 against SARS-CoV-2 several hundred-fold greater than for HIV. We present a case series including a case of severe hyponatremia and a 32-fold overdose raising safety and effectiveness concerns in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We measured LPV trough concentrations in 12 patients and reviewed their clinical charts for side effects known to occur in HIV patients. FINDINGS: Compared to established LPV trough concentrations in HIV patients, concentrations in COVID-19 patients were 3-fold greater (19.37 +/- 10.12 mcg/mL versus 6.25 mcg/mL). In addition, cholestasis and dyslipidemia toxicity thresholds were exceeded in 12/12 and 11/12 patients respectively. No patients achieved the presumed therapeutic concentration. Side effects included gastrointestinal symptoms (5/12), electrolyte imbalances (4/12), liver enzyme disturbances (5/12) and triglyceride elevations (2/12). CONCLUSION: No patients reached presumed therapeutic LPV concentrations despite experiencing side effects and exceeding cholestasis and dyslipidemia toxicity thresholds. This raises concerns for the safety and effectiveness of LPV/r. Clinicians should consider closely monitoring for side effects and not necessarily attribute them to COVID-19. Twit Text FOAVip Safety and effectiveness concerns of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 affected patients: a retrospective series ????Clin Toxicol (Phila) http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33641562 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33641562 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33641562}}</ref> Safety and effectiveness concerns of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 affected patients: a retrospective series #MMPMID33641562 Lepage MA; Rozza N; Kremer R; Grunbaum A Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021[Jul]; 59 (7): 644-647 PMID33641562show ga CONTEXT: Originally developed for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the antiviral combination lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is being repurposed for treating the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) despite minimal experience in this markedly different population and an in-vitro derived EC50 against SARS-CoV-2 several hundred-fold greater than for HIV. We present a case series including a case of severe hyponatremia and a 32-fold overdose raising safety and effectiveness concerns in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We measured LPV trough concentrations in 12 patients and reviewed their clinical charts for side effects known to occur in HIV patients. FINDINGS: Compared to established LPV trough concentrations in HIV patients, concentrations in COVID-19 patients were 3-fold greater (19.37 +/- 10.12 mcg/mL versus 6.25 mcg/mL). In addition, cholestasis and dyslipidemia toxicity thresholds were exceeded in 12/12 and 11/12 patients respectively. No patients achieved the presumed therapeutic concentration. Side effects included gastrointestinal symptoms (5/12), electrolyte imbalances (4/12), liver enzyme disturbances (5/12) and triglyceride elevations (2/12). CONCLUSION: No patients reached presumed therapeutic LPV concentrations despite experiencing side effects and exceeding cholestasis and dyslipidemia toxicity thresholds. This raises concerns for the safety and effectiveness of LPV/r. Clinicians should consider closely monitoring for side effects and not necessarily attribute them to COVID-19. |*COVID-19 Drug Treatment[MESH] |Adult[MESH] |Aged[MESH] |Aged, 80 and over[MESH] |Antiviral Agents/*adverse effects[MESH] |COVID-19/diagnosis/virology[MESH] |Drug Combinations[MESH] |Drug Monitoring[MESH] |Drug Overdose/etiology[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Host-Pathogen Interactions[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Hyponatremia/blood/chemically induced/diagnosis[MESH] |Lopinavir/*adverse effects[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Middle Aged[MESH] |Patient Safety[MESH] |Retrospective Studies[MESH] |Risk Assessment[MESH] |Risk Factors[MESH] |Ritonavir/*adverse effects[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/*drug effects/pathogenicity[MESH] |Time Factors[MESH]Safety and effectiveness concerns of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 a(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing