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10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113741 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113741 33640157!7871902!33640157     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Soc+Sci+Med 2021 ; 276 (ä): 113741 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33640157|t=2021. Reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U S and their potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission |pdf=|usr=}}{{33640157}} gab.com Text Reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U S and their potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission JO: Soc Sci Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33640157 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: In the United States, Black Americans are suffering from a significantly disproportionate incidence of COVID-19. Going beyond mere epidemiological tallying, the potential for racial-justice interventions, including reparations payments, to ameliorate these disparities has not been adequately explored. METHODS: We compared the COVID-19 time-varying R(t) curves of relatively disparate polities in terms of social equity (South Korea vs. Louisiana). Next, we considered a range of reproductive ratios to back-calculate the transmission rates beta(i-->j) for 4?cells of the simplified next-generation matrix (from which R(0) is calculated for structured models) for the outbreak in Louisiana. Lastly, we considered the potential structural effects monetary payments as reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U.S. would have had on pre-intervention beta(i-->j) and consequently R(0). RESULTS: Once their respective epidemics begin to propagate, Louisiana displays R(t) values with an absolute difference of 1.3-2.5 compared to South Korea. It also takes Louisiana more than twice as long to bring R(t) below 1. Reasoning through the consequences of increased equity via matrix transmission models, we demonstrate how the benefits of a successful reparations program (reflected in the ratio beta(b-->b)/beta(w-->w)) could reduce R(0) by 31-68%. DISCUSSION: While there are compelling moral and historical arguments for racial-injustice interventions such as reparations, our study considers potential health benefits in the form of reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk. A restitutive program targeted towards Black individuals would not only decrease COVID-19 risk for recipients of the wealth redistribution; the mitigating effects would also be distributed across racial groups, benefiting the population at large. Twit Text FOAVip Reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U S and their potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission ????Soc Sci Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33640157 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33640157 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33640157}}</ref> Reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U S and their potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission #MMPMID33640157 Richardson ET; Malik MM; Darity WA Jr; Mullen AK; Morse ME; Malik M; Maybank A; Bassett MT; Farmer PE; Worden L; Jones JH Soc Sci Med 2021[May]; 276 (ä): 113741 PMID33640157show ga BACKGROUND: In the United States, Black Americans are suffering from a significantly disproportionate incidence of COVID-19. Going beyond mere epidemiological tallying, the potential for racial-justice interventions, including reparations payments, to ameliorate these disparities has not been adequately explored. METHODS: We compared the COVID-19 time-varying R(t) curves of relatively disparate polities in terms of social equity (South Korea vs. Louisiana). Next, we considered a range of reproductive ratios to back-calculate the transmission rates beta(i-->j) for 4?cells of the simplified next-generation matrix (from which R(0) is calculated for structured models) for the outbreak in Louisiana. Lastly, we considered the potential structural effects monetary payments as reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U.S. would have had on pre-intervention beta(i-->j) and consequently R(0). RESULTS: Once their respective epidemics begin to propagate, Louisiana displays R(t) values with an absolute difference of 1.3-2.5 compared to South Korea. It also takes Louisiana more than twice as long to bring R(t) below 1. Reasoning through the consequences of increased equity via matrix transmission models, we demonstrate how the benefits of a successful reparations program (reflected in the ratio beta(b-->b)/beta(w-->w)) could reduce R(0) by 31-68%. DISCUSSION: While there are compelling moral and historical arguments for racial-injustice interventions such as reparations, our study considers potential health benefits in the form of reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk. A restitutive program targeted towards Black individuals would not only decrease COVID-19 risk for recipients of the wealth redistribution; the mitigating effects would also be distributed across racial groups, benefiting the population at large. |*Black or African American[MESH] |*COVID-19[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Louisiana[MESH] |Republic of Korea[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH]Reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing