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Evolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19 #MMPMID33608522
Wheatley AK; Juno JA; Wang JJ; Selva KJ; Reynaldi A; Tan HX; Lee WS; Wragg KM; Kelly HG; Esterbauer R; Davis SK; Kent HE; Mordant FL; Schlub TE; Gordon DL; Khoury DS; Subbarao K; Cromer D; Gordon TP; Chung AW; Davenport MP; Kent SJ
Nat Commun 2021[Feb]; 12 (1): 1162 PMID33608522show ga
The durability of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity has major implications for reinfection and vaccine development. Here, we show a comprehensive profile of antibody, B cell and T cell dynamics over time in a cohort of patients who have recovered from mild-moderate COVID-19. Binding and neutralising antibody responses, together with individual serum clonotypes, decay over the first 4 months post-infection. A similar decline in Spike-specific CD4(+) and circulating T follicular helper frequencies occurs. By contrast, S-specific IgG(+) memory B cells consistently accumulate over time, eventually comprising a substantial fraction of circulating the memory B cell pool. Modelling of the concomitant immune kinetics predicts maintenance of serological neutralising activity above a titre of 1:40 in 50% of convalescent participants to 74 days, although there is probably additive protection from B cell and T cell immunity. This study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 immunity after infection might be transiently protective at a population level. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might require greater immunogenicity and durability than natural infection to drive long-term protection.