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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 263.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Exp+Ther+Med 2021 ; 21 (3): 263 Nephropedia Template TP
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Multifactorial expression of IL-6 with update on COVID-19 and the therapeutic strategies of its blockade (Review) #MMPMID33603870
Niculet E; Chioncel V; Elisei AM; Miulescu M; Buzia OD; Nwabudike LC; Craescu M; Draganescu M; Bujoreanu F; Marinescu E; Arbune M; Radaschin DS; Bobeica C; Nechita A; Tatu AL
Exp Ther Med 2021[Mar]; 21 (3): 263 PMID33603870show ga
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a cytokine produced by various cells of the human body (macrophages, lymphocytes, astrocytes, ischemic myocytes, endothelial cells) has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties, being a key component in regulating various physiologic and pathological processes. The structure of this molecule and the receptor system it possesses are important due to the different activities that IL-6 can exert; through trans-signaling pro-inflammatory activities are mediated, while through classic signaling, IL-6 is responsible for anti-inflammatory and regenerative activities. IL-6 signaling is involved in coronary artery disease and the global COVID-19 pandemic. This proatherogenic cytokine reaches elevated serum levels in the cytokine storm generated by SARS-CoV-2, and is also associated with smoking or obesity-classic cardiovascular risk factors which promote inflammatory states. IL-6 levels are proportionally correlated with dyslipidemia, hypertension and glucose dysregulation, and they are associated with poor outcomes in patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. IL-6 targeting for treatment development (not only) in cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 is still a matter of ongoing research, although tocilizumab has proven to be effective in reducing the proatherogenic effects of IL-6 and is suggested to improve COVID-19 patient survival.