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10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.001

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.001
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid33593661      Cytokine+Growth+Factor+Rev 2021 ; 59 (ä): 101-110
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  • Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has come of age: From a vaccine adjuvant to antiviral immunotherapy #MMPMID33593661
  • Petrina M; Martin J; Basta S
  • Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021[Jun]; 59 (ä): 101-110 PMID33593661show ga
  • GM-CSF acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a key growth factor produced by several immune cells such as macrophages and activated T cells. In this review, we discuss recent studies that point to the crucial role of GM-CSF in the immune response against infections. Upon induction, GM-CSF activates four main signalling networks including the JAK/STAT, PI3K, MAPK, and NFkappaB pathways. Many of these transduction pathways such as JAK/STAT signal via proteins commonly activated with other antiviral signalling cascades, such as those induced by IFNs. GM-CSF also helps defend against respiratory infections by regulating alveolar macrophage differentiation and enhancing innate immunity in the lungs. Here, we also summarize the numerous clinical trials that have taken advantage of GM-CSF's mechanistic attributes in immunotherapy. Moreover, we discuss how GM-CSF is used as an adjuvant in vaccines and how its activity is interfered with to reduce inflammation such as in the case of COVID-19. This review brings forth the current knowledge on the antiviral actions of GM-CSF, the associated signalling cascades, and its application in immunotherapy.
  • |*Antiviral Agents/immunology/therapeutic use[MESH]
  • |*Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology/therapeutic use[MESH]
  • |*MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects/immunology[MESH]
  • |Adjuvants, Immunologic/*therapeutic use[MESH]
  • |Animals[MESH]
  • |COVID-19 Vaccines/*immunology/therapeutic use[MESH]
  • |COVID-19/*immunology/prevention & control[MESH]
  • |Humans[MESH]
  • |Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology[MESH]
  • |Recombinant Proteins/immunology/therapeutic use[MESH]


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