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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Hum+Vaccin+Immunother 2021 ; 17 (7): 1897-1909 Nephropedia Template TP
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Immunotherapies and immunomodulatory approaches in clinical trials - a mini review #MMPMID33577374
Iqbal Yatoo M; Hamid Z; Rather I; Nazir QUA; Bhat RA; Ul Haq A; Magray SN; Haq Z; Sah R; Tiwari R; Natesan S; Bilal M; Harapan H; Dhama K
Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021[Jul]; 17 (7): 1897-1909 PMID33577374show ga
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created havoc worldwide. Due to the non-availability of any vaccine or drugs against COVID-19, immunotherapies involving convalescent plasma, immunoglobulins, antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal), and the use of immunomodulatory agents to enhance immunity are valuable alternative options. Cell-based therapies including natural killer cells, T cells, stem cells along with cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLRs) based therapies are also being exploited potentially against COVID-19. Future research need to strengthen the field of developing effective immunotherapeutics and immunomodulators with a thrust of providing appropriate, affordable, convenient, and cost-effective prophylactic and treatment regimens to combat global COVID-19 crisis that has led to a state of medical emergency enforcing entire countries of the world to devote their research infrastructure and manpower in tackling this pandemic.