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10.1002/hsr2.242 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1002/hsr2.242 33553680!7853692!33553680     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Health+Sci+Rep 2021 ; 4 (1): e242 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33553680|t=2021. Contextual factors and the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U S counties in its initial phase |pdf=|usr=}}{{33553680}} gab.com Text Contextual factors and the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U S counties in its initial phase JO: Health Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33553680 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: This study examines the association of contextual factors with the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U.S. counties in its initial phase. METHODS: Contextual factors are simultaneously tested at the county- and state-level with a multilevel linear model using full maximum likelihood. RESULTS: The variation between states is substantial and significant (ICC = 0.532, u (0) = 8.20E-04, P < .001). At the state level, the cultural value of collectivism and the contextual factor of government spending are positively associated with the outbreak rate. At the county level, the racial and ethnic composition contributes to outbreak differences, disproportionally affecting black/African, native, Asian, and Hispanic Americans as well as native Hawaiians. Counties with a higher median age and a higher household income have a stronger outbreak. Better education and personal health are generally associated with a lower outbreak. Obesity and smoking are negatively related to the outbreak, in agreement with the value expectancy concepts of the health belief model. Air pollution is another significant contributor to the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: Because of a high variation in contextual factors, policy makers need to target pandemic responses to the smallest subdivision possible, so that countermeasures can be implemented effectively. Twit Text FOAVip Contextual factors and the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U S counties in its initial phase ????Health Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33553680 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33553680 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33553680}}</ref> Contextual factors and the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U S counties in its initial phase #MMPMID33553680 Messner W; Payson SE Health Sci Rep 2021[Mar]; 4 (1): e242 PMID33553680show ga BACKGROUND: This study examines the association of contextual factors with the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U.S. counties in its initial phase. METHODS: Contextual factors are simultaneously tested at the county- and state-level with a multilevel linear model using full maximum likelihood. RESULTS: The variation between states is substantial and significant (ICC = 0.532, u (0) = 8.20E-04, P < .001). At the state level, the cultural value of collectivism and the contextual factor of government spending are positively associated with the outbreak rate. At the county level, the racial and ethnic composition contributes to outbreak differences, disproportionally affecting black/African, native, Asian, and Hispanic Americans as well as native Hawaiians. Counties with a higher median age and a higher household income have a stronger outbreak. Better education and personal health are generally associated with a lower outbreak. Obesity and smoking are negatively related to the outbreak, in agreement with the value expectancy concepts of the health belief model. Air pollution is another significant contributor to the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: Because of a high variation in contextual factors, policy makers need to target pandemic responses to the smallest subdivision possible, so that countermeasures can be implemented effectively. äContextual factors and the COVID-19 outbreak rate across U S counties(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing