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10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119124 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119124 33508291!7838580!33508291     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Life+Sci 2021 ; 270 (ä): 119124 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33508291|t=2021. SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axis |pdf=|usr=}}{{33508291}} gab.com Text SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axis JO: Life Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33508291 #FOAvip The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan of China in December 2019 and its worldwide spread has turned into the COVID-19 pandemic. Respiratory disorders, lymphopenia, cytokine cascades, and the immune responses provoked by this virus play a major and fundamental role in the severity of the symptoms and the immunogenicity which it causes. Owing to the decrease in the inflammatory responses' regulation in the immune system and the sudden increase in the secretion of cytokines, it seems that an investigation of inhibitory immune checkpoints can influence theories regarding this disease's treatment methods. Acquired cell-mediated immune defense's T-cells have a key major contribution in clearing viral infections thus reducing the severity of COVID-19's symptoms. The most important diagnostic feature in individuals with COVID-19 is lymphocyte depletion, most importantly, T-cells. Due to the induction of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) production by neutrophils and monocytes, which are abundantly present in the peripheral blood of the individuals with COVID-19, the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints including, PD-1 (programmed death), PD-L1 and CTLA4 on the T-cells' surface is enhanced. The purpose of this review is to discuss the functions of these checkpoints and their effects on the dysfunction and exhaustion of T-cells, making them almost ineffective in individuals with COVID-19, especially in the cases with extreme symptoms. Twit Text FOAVip SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axis ????Life Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33508291 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33508291 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33508291}}</ref> SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axis #MMPMID33508291 Aghbash PS; Eslami N; Shamekh A; Entezari-Maleki T; Baghi HB Life Sci 2021[Apr]; 270 (ä): 119124 PMID33508291show ga The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan of China in December 2019 and its worldwide spread has turned into the COVID-19 pandemic. Respiratory disorders, lymphopenia, cytokine cascades, and the immune responses provoked by this virus play a major and fundamental role in the severity of the symptoms and the immunogenicity which it causes. Owing to the decrease in the inflammatory responses' regulation in the immune system and the sudden increase in the secretion of cytokines, it seems that an investigation of inhibitory immune checkpoints can influence theories regarding this disease's treatment methods. Acquired cell-mediated immune defense's T-cells have a key major contribution in clearing viral infections thus reducing the severity of COVID-19's symptoms. The most important diagnostic feature in individuals with COVID-19 is lymphocyte depletion, most importantly, T-cells. Due to the induction of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) production by neutrophils and monocytes, which are abundantly present in the peripheral blood of the individuals with COVID-19, the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints including, PD-1 (programmed death), PD-L1 and CTLA4 on the T-cells' surface is enhanced. The purpose of this review is to discuss the functions of these checkpoints and their effects on the dysfunction and exhaustion of T-cells, making them almost ineffective in individuals with COVID-19, especially in the cases with extreme symptoms. |B7-H1 Antigen/*metabolism[MESH] |COVID-19/*immunology/metabolism[MESH] |CTLA-4 Antigen/*metabolism[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Monocytes/immunology[MESH] |Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/*metabolism[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/*physiology[MESH]SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axis (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing