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10.3892/ijo.2020.5159 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3892/ijo.2020.5159 33491759!7864014!33491759     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Int+J+Oncol 2021 ; 58 (2): 145-157 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33491759|t=2021. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors from cancer to COVID?19: A promising avenue for the treatment of patients with COVID?19 (Review) |pdf=|usr=}}{{33491759}} gab.com Text Immune-checkpoint inhibitors from cancer to COVID 19: A promising avenue for the treatment of patients with COVID 19 (Review) JO: Int J Oncol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33491759 #FOAvip The severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus?2 (SARS?CoV?2) poses a threat to human life worldwide. Since early March, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID?19), characterized by an acute and often severe form of pneumonia, has been declared a pandemic. This has led to a boom in biomedical research studies at all stages of the pipeline, from the in vitro to the clinical phase. In line with this global effort, known drugs, currently used for the treatment of other pathologies, including antivirals, immunomodulating compounds and antibodies, are currently used off?label for the treatment of COVID?19, in association with the supportive standard care. Yet, no effective treatments have been identified. A new hope stems from medical oncology and relies on the use of immune?checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In particular, amongst the ICIs, antibodies able to block the programmed death?1 (PD?1)/PD ligand-1 (PD?L1) pathway have revealed a hidden potential. In fact, patients with severe and critical COVID?19, even prior to the appearance of acute respiratory distress syndrome, exhibit lymphocytopenia and suffer from T?cell exhaustion, which may lead to viral sepsis and an increased mortality rate. It has been observed that cancer patients, who usually are immunocompromised, may restore their anti?tumoral immune response when treated with ICIs. Moreover, viral-infected mice and humans, exhibit a T?cell exhaustion, which is also observed following SARS?CoV?2 infection. Importantly, when treated with anti?PD?1 and anti?PD?L1 antibodies, they restore their T?cell competence and efficiently counteract the viral infection. Based on these observations, four clinical trials are currently open, to examine the efficacy of anti?PD?1 antibody administration to both cancer and non?cancer individuals affected by COVID?19. The results may prove the hypothesis that restoring exhausted T?cells may be a winning strategy to beat SARS?CoV?2 infection. Twit Text FOAVip Immune-checkpoint inhibitors from cancer to COVID 19: A promising avenue for the treatment of patients with COVID 19 (Review) ????Int J Oncol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33491759 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33491759 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33491759}}</ref> Immune-checkpoint inhibitors from cancer to COVID?19: A promising avenue for the treatment of patients with COVID?19 (Review) #MMPMID33491759 Vivarelli S; Falzone L; Torino F; Scandurra G; Russo G; Bordonaro R; Pappalardo F; Spandidos DA; Raciti G; Libra M Int J Oncol 2021[Feb]; 58 (2): 145-157 PMID33491759show ga The severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus?2 (SARS?CoV?2) poses a threat to human life worldwide. Since early March, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID?19), characterized by an acute and often severe form of pneumonia, has been declared a pandemic. This has led to a boom in biomedical research studies at all stages of the pipeline, from the in vitro to the clinical phase. In line with this global effort, known drugs, currently used for the treatment of other pathologies, including antivirals, immunomodulating compounds and antibodies, are currently used off?label for the treatment of COVID?19, in association with the supportive standard care. Yet, no effective treatments have been identified. A new hope stems from medical oncology and relies on the use of immune?checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In particular, amongst the ICIs, antibodies able to block the programmed death?1 (PD?1)/PD ligand-1 (PD?L1) pathway have revealed a hidden potential. In fact, patients with severe and critical COVID?19, even prior to the appearance of acute respiratory distress syndrome, exhibit lymphocytopenia and suffer from T?cell exhaustion, which may lead to viral sepsis and an increased mortality rate. It has been observed that cancer patients, who usually are immunocompromised, may restore their anti?tumoral immune response when treated with ICIs. Moreover, viral-infected mice and humans, exhibit a T?cell exhaustion, which is also observed following SARS?CoV?2 infection. Importantly, when treated with anti?PD?1 and anti?PD?L1 antibodies, they restore their T?cell competence and efficiently counteract the viral infection. Based on these observations, four clinical trials are currently open, to examine the efficacy of anti?PD?1 antibody administration to both cancer and non?cancer individuals affected by COVID?19. The results may prove the hypothesis that restoring exhausted T?cells may be a winning strategy to beat SARS?CoV?2 infection. |*COVID-19 Drug Treatment[MESH] |Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use[MESH] |COVID-19/diagnosis/virology[MESH] |Drug Repositioning[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/*therapeutic use[MESH] |Neoplasms/*drug therapy[MESH]Immune-checkpoint inhibitors from cancer to COVID?19: A promising aven(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing