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10.1073/pnas.2021579118 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1073/pnas.2021579118 33452205!7865145!33452205     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A 2021 ; 118 (5): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33452205|t=2021. Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection |pdf=|usr=}}{{33452205}} gab.com Text Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection JO: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33452205 #FOAvip The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 50 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths worldwide as of November 2020. Currently, there are no effective antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration to contain this pandemic except the antiviral agent remdesivir. In addition, the trimeric spike protein on the viral surface is highly glycosylated and almost 200,000 variants with mutations at more than 1,000 positions in its 1,273 amino acid sequence were reported, posing a major challenge in the development of antibodies and vaccines. It is therefore urgently needed to have alternative and timely treatments for the disease. In this study, we used a cell-based infection assay to screen more than 3,000 agents used in humans and animals, including 2,855 small molecules and 190 traditional herbal medicines, and identified 15 active small molecules in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 50 muM. Two enzymatic assays, along with molecular modeling, were then developed to confirm those targeting the virus 3CL protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several water extracts of herbal medicines were active in the cell-based assay and could be further developed as plant-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Some of the active compounds identified in the screen were further tested in vivo, and it was found that mefloquine, nelfinavir, and extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (RF3), Perilla frutescens, and Mentha haplocalyx were effective in a challenge study using hamsters as disease model. Twit Text FOAVip Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection ????Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33452205 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33452205 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33452205}}</ref> Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection #MMPMID33452205 Jan JT; Cheng TR; Juang YP; Ma HH; Wu YT; Yang WB; Cheng CW; Chen X; Chou TH; Shie JJ; Cheng WC; Chein RJ; Mao SS; Liang PH; Ma C; Hung SC; Wong CH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021[Feb]; 118 (5): ä PMID33452205show ga The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 50 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths worldwide as of November 2020. Currently, there are no effective antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration to contain this pandemic except the antiviral agent remdesivir. In addition, the trimeric spike protein on the viral surface is highly glycosylated and almost 200,000 variants with mutations at more than 1,000 positions in its 1,273 amino acid sequence were reported, posing a major challenge in the development of antibodies and vaccines. It is therefore urgently needed to have alternative and timely treatments for the disease. In this study, we used a cell-based infection assay to screen more than 3,000 agents used in humans and animals, including 2,855 small molecules and 190 traditional herbal medicines, and identified 15 active small molecules in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 50 muM. Two enzymatic assays, along with molecular modeling, were then developed to confirm those targeting the virus 3CL protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several water extracts of herbal medicines were active in the cell-based assay and could be further developed as plant-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Some of the active compounds identified in the screen were further tested in vivo, and it was found that mefloquine, nelfinavir, and extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (RF3), Perilla frutescens, and Mentha haplocalyx were effective in a challenge study using hamsters as disease model. |*COVID-19 Drug Treatment[MESH] |Adult[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Antiviral Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH] |COVID-19/epidemiology/virology[MESH] |Chlorocebus aethiops[MESH] |Cricetinae[MESH] |Disease Models, Animal[MESH] |Drug Repositioning/methods[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Plant Extracts/pharmacology[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/*drug effects/genetics[MESH]Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inh(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing