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10.2196/25314 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.2196/25314 33449904!7834613!33449904     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 261.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Med+Internet+Res 2021 ; 23 (1): e25314 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33449904|t=2021. Toward Using Twitter for Tracking COVID-19: A Natural Language Processing Pipeline and Exploratory Data Set |pdf=|usr=}}{{33449904}} gab.com Text Toward Using Twitter for Tracking COVID-19: A Natural Language Processing Pipeline and Exploratory Data Set JO: J Med Internet Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33449904 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: In the United States, the rapidly evolving COVID-19 outbreak, the shortage of available testing, and the delay of test results present challenges for actively monitoring its spread based on testing alone. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop, evaluate, and deploy an automatic natural language processing pipeline to collect user-generated Twitter data as a complementary resource for identifying potential cases of COVID-19 in the United States that are not based on testing and, thus, may not have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. METHODS: Beginning January 23, 2020, we collected English tweets from the Twitter Streaming application programming interface that mention keywords related to COVID-19. We applied handwritten regular expressions to identify tweets indicating that the user potentially has been exposed to COVID-19. We automatically filtered out "reported speech" (eg, quotations, news headlines) from the tweets that matched the regular expressions, and two annotators annotated a random sample of 8976 tweets that are geo-tagged or have profile location metadata, distinguishing tweets that self-report potential cases of COVID-19 from those that do not. We used the annotated tweets to train and evaluate deep neural network classifiers based on bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). Finally, we deployed the automatic pipeline on more than 85 million unlabeled tweets that were continuously collected between March 1 and August 21, 2020. RESULTS: Interannotator agreement, based on dual annotations for 3644 (41%) of the 8976 tweets, was 0.77 (Cohen kappa). A deep neural network classifier, based on a BERT model that was pretrained on tweets related to COVID-19, achieved an F(1)-score of 0.76 (precision=0.76, recall=0.76) for detecting tweets that self-report potential cases of COVID-19. Upon deploying our automatic pipeline, we identified 13,714 tweets that self-report potential cases of COVID-19 and have US state-level geolocations. CONCLUSIONS: We have made the 13,714 tweets identified in this study, along with each tweet's time stamp and US state-level geolocation, publicly available to download. This data set presents the opportunity for future work to assess the utility of Twitter data as a complementary resource for tracking the spread of COVID-19. Twit Text FOAVip Toward Using Twitter for Tracking COVID-19: A Natural Language Processing Pipeline and Exploratory Data Set ????J Med Internet Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33449904 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33449904 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33449904}}</ref> Toward Using Twitter for Tracking COVID-19: A Natural Language Processing Pipeline and Exploratory Data Set #MMPMID33449904 Klein AZ; Magge A; O'Connor K; Flores Amaro JI; Weissenbacher D; Gonzalez Hernandez G J Med Internet Res 2021[Jan]; 23 (1): e25314 PMID33449904show ga BACKGROUND: In the United States, the rapidly evolving COVID-19 outbreak, the shortage of available testing, and the delay of test results present challenges for actively monitoring its spread based on testing alone. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop, evaluate, and deploy an automatic natural language processing pipeline to collect user-generated Twitter data as a complementary resource for identifying potential cases of COVID-19 in the United States that are not based on testing and, thus, may not have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. METHODS: Beginning January 23, 2020, we collected English tweets from the Twitter Streaming application programming interface that mention keywords related to COVID-19. We applied handwritten regular expressions to identify tweets indicating that the user potentially has been exposed to COVID-19. We automatically filtered out "reported speech" (eg, quotations, news headlines) from the tweets that matched the regular expressions, and two annotators annotated a random sample of 8976 tweets that are geo-tagged or have profile location metadata, distinguishing tweets that self-report potential cases of COVID-19 from those that do not. We used the annotated tweets to train and evaluate deep neural network classifiers based on bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). Finally, we deployed the automatic pipeline on more than 85 million unlabeled tweets that were continuously collected between March 1 and August 21, 2020. RESULTS: Interannotator agreement, based on dual annotations for 3644 (41%) of the 8976 tweets, was 0.77 (Cohen kappa). A deep neural network classifier, based on a BERT model that was pretrained on tweets related to COVID-19, achieved an F(1)-score of 0.76 (precision=0.76, recall=0.76) for detecting tweets that self-report potential cases of COVID-19. Upon deploying our automatic pipeline, we identified 13,714 tweets that self-report potential cases of COVID-19 and have US state-level geolocations. CONCLUSIONS: We have made the 13,714 tweets identified in this study, along with each tweet's time stamp and US state-level geolocation, publicly available to download. This data set presents the opportunity for future work to assess the utility of Twitter data as a complementary resource for tracking the spread of COVID-19. |*Datasets as Topic[MESH] |*Natural Language Processing[MESH] |COVID-19/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*transmission[MESH] |Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Longitudinal Studies[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH] |Self Report[MESH] |Social Media/*statistics & numerical data[MESH] |Speech[MESH]Toward Using Twitter for Tracking COVID-19: A Natural Language Process(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing