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10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107365 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107365 33440306!7797024!33440306     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Int+Immunopharmacol 2021 ; 92 (ä): 107365 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33440306|t=2021. An overview of Betacoronaviruses-associated severe respiratory syndromes, focusing on sex-type-specific immune responses |pdf=|usr=}}{{33440306}} gab.com Text An overview of Betacoronaviruses-associated severe respiratory syndromes, focusing on sex-type-specific immune responses JO: Int Immunopharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33440306 #FOAvip Emerging beta-coronaviruses (beta-CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID19) are responsible for acute respiratory illnesses in human. The epidemiological features of the SARS, MERS, and new COVID-19 have revealed sex-dependent variations in the infection, frequency, treatment, and fatality rates of these syndromes. Females are likely less susceptible to viral infections, perhaps due to their steroid hormone levels, the impact of X-linked genes, and the sex-based immune responses. Although mostly inactive, the X chromosome makes the female's immune system more robust. The extra immune-regulatory genes of the X chromosome are associated with lower levels of viral load and decreased infection rate. Moreover, a higher titer of the antibodies and their longer blood circulation half-life are involved in a more durable immune protection in females. The activation rate of the immune cells and the production of TLR7 and IFN are more prominent in females. Although the bi-allelic expression of the immune regulatory genes can sometimes lead to autoimmune reactions, the higher titer of TLR7 in females is further associated with a stronger anti-viral immune response. Considering these sex-related differences and the similarities between the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, we will discuss them in immune responses against the beta-CoVs-associated syndromes. We aim to provide information on sex-based disease susceptibility and response. A better understanding of the evasion strategies of pathogens and the host immune responses can provide worthful insights into immunotherapy, and vaccine development approaches. Twit Text FOAVip An overview of Betacoronaviruses-associated severe respiratory syndromes, focusing on sex-type-specific immune responses ????Int Immunopharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33440306 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33440306 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33440306}}</ref> An overview of Betacoronaviruses-associated severe respiratory syndromes, focusing on sex-type-specific immune responses #MMPMID33440306 Rahimi G; Rahimi B; Panahi M; Abkhiz S; Saraygord-Afshari N; Milani M; Alizadeh E Int Immunopharmacol 2021[Mar]; 92 (ä): 107365 PMID33440306show ga Emerging beta-coronaviruses (beta-CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID19) are responsible for acute respiratory illnesses in human. The epidemiological features of the SARS, MERS, and new COVID-19 have revealed sex-dependent variations in the infection, frequency, treatment, and fatality rates of these syndromes. Females are likely less susceptible to viral infections, perhaps due to their steroid hormone levels, the impact of X-linked genes, and the sex-based immune responses. Although mostly inactive, the X chromosome makes the female's immune system more robust. The extra immune-regulatory genes of the X chromosome are associated with lower levels of viral load and decreased infection rate. Moreover, a higher titer of the antibodies and their longer blood circulation half-life are involved in a more durable immune protection in females. The activation rate of the immune cells and the production of TLR7 and IFN are more prominent in females. Although the bi-allelic expression of the immune regulatory genes can sometimes lead to autoimmune reactions, the higher titer of TLR7 in females is further associated with a stronger anti-viral immune response. Considering these sex-related differences and the similarities between the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, we will discuss them in immune responses against the beta-CoVs-associated syndromes. We aim to provide information on sex-based disease susceptibility and response. A better understanding of the evasion strategies of pathogens and the host immune responses can provide worthful insights into immunotherapy, and vaccine development approaches. |*Betacoronavirus[MESH] |Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/*virology[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/*immunology/*virology[MESH]An overview of Betacoronaviruses-associated severe respiratory syndrom(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing