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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Chemosphere 2021 ; 271 (ä): 129489 Nephropedia Template TP
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Isoprostanes in wastewater as biomarkers of oxidative stress during COVID-19 pandemic #MMPMID33434819
Bowers I; Subedi B
Chemosphere 2021[May]; 271 (ä): 129489 PMID33434819show ga
Isoprostanes are the potential biomarkers of endogenous human metabolism and proven clinically to provide the quantitative measure of systematic oxidative injury. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analytical method capable of determining four biomarkers of oxidative stress (8-iso-PGF2alpha, 2,3-dinor-iPF2alpha-III, PGE2, and 5-iPF2alpha-VI) in wastewater was developed and validated. Isoprostanes were quantified in the range of 31.1-1270 ng/L in raw wastewater samples in two communities in western Kentucky and Tennessee during the first four months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent detection of PGE2 and 5-iPF2alpha-VI in wastewater suggested that PGE2 and 5-iPF2alpha-VI can be a reliable biomarker of community oxidative anxiety. The higher 4-month average mass load of isoprostanes [(ranged from 22.9 mg/d/1000 people to 807 mg/d/1000 people] may be attributed to the elevated community level oxidative anxiety owing COVID-19 uncertainties. The average mass loads of PGE2 and 5-iPF2alpha-VI in a community were significantly increased (two-tailed p < 0.001) from the first month of COVID-19 pandemic to the second month; however, significantly decreased (two-tailed p < 0.001) in the third month. Wastewater-based-epidemiological determination of isoprostanes can be a near-real-time and cost-effective approach of a trend in community depression. This is the first report of the quantification of PGE2 and 5-iPF2alpha-VI in wastewater and estimation of the community level oxidative anxiety.