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10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.003 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.003 33423931!ä!33423931 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Semin+Cell+Dev+Biol 2021 ; 115 (ä): 19-26 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33423931|t=2021. Copper in infectious disease: Using both sides of the penny |pdf=|usr=}}{{33423931}} gab.com Text Copper in infectious disease: Using both sides of the penny JO: Semin Cell Dev Biol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33423931 #FOAvip The transition metal Cu is an essential micronutrient that serves as a co-factor for numerous enzymes involved in redox and oxygen chemistry. However, Cu is also a potentially toxic metal, especially to unicellular microbes that are in direct contact with their environment. Since 400 BCE, Cu toxicity has been leveraged for its antimicrobial properties and even today, Cu based materials are being explored as effective antimicrobials against human pathogens spanning bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 agent of the 2019-2020 pandemic. Given that Cu has the double-edged property of being both highly toxic and an essential micronutrient, it plays an active and complicated role at the host-pathogen interface. Humans have evolved methods of incorporating Cu into innate and adaptive immune processes and both sides of the penny (Cu toxicity and Cu as a nutrient) are employed. Here we review the evolution of Cu in biology and its multi-faceted roles in infectious disease, from the viewpoints of the microbial pathogens as well as the animal hosts they infect. Twit Text FOAVip Copper in infectious disease: Using both sides of the penny ????Semin Cell Dev Biol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33423931 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33423931 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33423931}}</ref> Copper in infectious disease: Using both sides of the penny #MMPMID33423931 Culbertson EM; Culotta VC Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021[Jul]; 115 (ä): 19-26 PMID33423931show ga The transition metal Cu is an essential micronutrient that serves as a co-factor for numerous enzymes involved in redox and oxygen chemistry. However, Cu is also a potentially toxic metal, especially to unicellular microbes that are in direct contact with their environment. Since 400 BCE, Cu toxicity has been leveraged for its antimicrobial properties and even today, Cu based materials are being explored as effective antimicrobials against human pathogens spanning bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 agent of the 2019-2020 pandemic. Given that Cu has the double-edged property of being both highly toxic and an essential micronutrient, it plays an active and complicated role at the host-pathogen interface. Humans have evolved methods of incorporating Cu into innate and adaptive immune processes and both sides of the penny (Cu toxicity and Cu as a nutrient) are employed. Here we review the evolution of Cu in biology and its multi-faceted roles in infectious disease, from the viewpoints of the microbial pathogens as well as the animal hosts they infect. |*COVID-19 Drug Treatment[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology[MESH] |COVID-19/virology[MESH] |Communicable Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism[MESH] |Copper/*metabolism[MESH] |Host-Pathogen Interactions/*drug effects[MESH] |Humans[MESH]Copper in infectious disease: Using both sides of the penny (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing