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Increased risk for COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency #MMPMID33418230
Katz J; Yue S; Xue W
Nutrition 2021[Apr]; 84 (ä): 111106 PMID33418230show ga
OBJECTIVE: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionally affected a variety of patients with underlying risk factors such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and black race. Vitamin D deficiency, which can result in a compromised immune response, has been also linked to increased risk and increased morbidities associated with COVID-19. In the absence of large-scale longitudinal studies to determine the strength of association between vitamin deficiency and COVID-19, cross-sectional studies of large patient cohorts can be used. METHODS: We used the i2b2 patient's registry platform at the University of Florida Health Center to generate a count of patients using the international classification of diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis codes for the period of October 1, 2015, through June 30, 2020. Logistic regression of the aggregates was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Patients with vitamin D deficiency were 4.6 times more likely to be positive for COVID-19 (indicated by the ICD-10 diagnostic code COVID19) than patients with no deficiency (P < 0.001). The association decreased slightly after adjusting for sex (odds ratio [OR] = 4.58; P < 0.001) and malabsorption (OR = 4.46; P < 0.001), respectively. The association decreased significantly but remained robust (P < 0.001) after adjusting for race (OR = 3.76; P < 0.001), periodontal disease status (OR = 3.64; P < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 3.28; P < 0.001), and obesity (OR = 2.27; P < 0.001), respectively. In addition, patients with vitamin D deficiency were 5 times more likely to be infected with COVID-19 than patients with no deficiency after adjusting for age groups (OR = 5.155; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with increased risk for COVID-19.
|*SARS-CoV-2[MESH]
|Adolescent[MESH]
|Adult[MESH]
|Aged[MESH]
|COVID-19/*epidemiology/*etiology/virology[MESH]
|Cross-Sectional Studies[MESH]
|Female[MESH]
|Florida/epidemiology[MESH]
|Humans[MESH]
|Logistic Models[MESH]
|Male[MESH]
|Middle Aged[MESH]
|Odds Ratio[MESH]
|Registries[MESH]
|Risk Factors[MESH]
|Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/*epidemiology/*virology[MESH]
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Nutrition 2021 ; 84 (ä): 111106
