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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Int+J+Infect+Dis 2021 ; 104 (ä): 58-64 Nephropedia Template TP
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Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis #MMPMID33401034
Liu N; Sun J; Wang X; Zhang T; Zhao M; Li H
Int J Infect Dis 2021[Mar]; 104 (ä): 58-64 PMID33401034show ga
BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that the risk and clinical prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are related to low vitamin D status; however, the data are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between low vitamin D status and COVID-19. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted with PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to September 25, 2020. The standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to estimate pooled results. Random - or fixed-effect models based on heterogeneity were used for the meta-analysis. Funnel plots and Egger regression tests were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS: A total of ten articles with 361,934 participants were selected for meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled OR in the fixed-effect model showed that vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.00-2.05). In addition, COVID-19-positive individuals had lower vitamin D levels than COVID-19-negative individuals (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.52 to -0.21). Significant heterogeneity existed in both endpoints. Funnel plots and Egger regression tests revealed significant publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that low vitamin D status might be associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the clinical severity and prognosis in patients with COVID-19. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no: CRD42020216740.