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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Environ+Sci+Process+Impacts 2021 ; 23 (1): 144-159 Nephropedia Template TP
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COVID-19 lockdowns induced land surface temperature variability in mega urban agglomerations in India #MMPMID33367338
Nanda D; Mishra DR; Swain D
Environ Sci Process Impacts 2021[Feb]; 23 (1): 144-159 PMID33367338show ga
The COVID-19 pandemic forced a nationwide lockdown in India for months when close to 1.3 billion people were confined to their homes. An abrupt halt in the majority of the urban activities reduced the generation of anthropogenic heat which often exacerbates the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in the urban pockets of the country. We studied the lockdown impact on seven highly populated and polluted mega urban agglomerations across India, namely Delhi, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Chennai, using near-anniversary Landsat 8 data. The results revealed that the lockdowns have improved the air quality and reduced the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and hence the UHI effect over these cities. Each of the cities experienced an improved Air Quality Index (AQI) ranging from 18 to 151 units except Chennai (with a marginal 8 units increase in AQI), a decrease in mean LST in the range of 0.27 degrees C to 7.06 degrees C except Kolkata which showed an increment by approximately 4 degrees C, and a reduction in daily averaged air temperature ranging from 0.3 degrees C to 10.88 degrees C except Hyderabad which witnessed an increase of 0.09 degrees C during the lockdown (April 2020) compared to the previous years (April 2019 and 2018). Delhi exhibited the maximum positive impact of the lockdown in all aspects with two-fold improved air quality, and Ahmedabad showed the least improvement. In addition to the variations in regional land use and land cover and proportion of essential industries that remained operational throughout the lockdown, the geographic location, topography, local meteorology and climate were some of the other factors also responsible for either aiding or overcompensating the large scale LST variabilities observed in these cities. These results hint at an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of periodic planned lockdowns as a possible mitigating measure to reduce LST spikes and degraded air quality in urban areas in the future.
Environ+Sci+Process+Impacts 2021 ; 23 (1): 144-159
