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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Nat+Microbiol 2021 ; 6 (1): 112-122 Nephropedia Template TP
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Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland Europe into Scotland #MMPMID33349681
da Silva Filipe A; Shepherd JG; Williams T; Hughes J; Aranday-Cortes E; Asamaphan P; Ashraf S; Balcazar C; Brunker K; Campbell A; Carmichael S; Davis C; Dewar R; Gallagher MD; Gunson R; Hill V; Ho A; Jackson B; James E; Jesudason N; Johnson N; McWilliam Leitch EC; Li K; MacLean A; Mair D; McAllister DA; McCrone JT; McDonald SE; McHugh MP; Morris AK; Nichols J; Niebel M; Nomikou K; Orton RJ; O'Toole A; Palmarini M; Parcell BJ; Parr YA; Rambaut A; Rooke S; Shaaban S; Shah R; Singer JB; Smollett K; Starinskij I; Tong L; Sreenu VB; Wastnedge E; Holden MTG; Robertson DL; Templeton K; Thomson EC
Nat Microbiol 2021[Jan]; 6 (1): 112-122 PMID33349681show ga
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Scotland on 1 March 2020. During the first month of the outbreak, 2,641 cases of COVID-19 led to 1,832 hospital admissions, 207 intensive care admissions and 126 deaths. We aimed to identify the source and number of introductions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into Scotland using a combined phylogenetic and epidemiological approach. Sequencing of 1,314 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from available patient samples enabled us to estimate that SARS-CoV-2 was introduced to Scotland on at least 283 occasions during February and March 2020. Epidemiological analysis confirmed that early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 originated from mainland Europe (the majority from Italy and Spain). We identified subsequent early outbreaks in the community, within healthcare facilities and at an international conference. Community transmission occurred after 2 March, 3 weeks before control measures were introduced. Earlier travel restrictions or quarantine measures, both locally and internationally, would have reduced the number of COVID-19 cases in Scotland. The risk of multiple reintroduction events in future waves of infection remains high in the absence of population immunity.