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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 J+Med+Virol 2021 ; 93 (4): 1950-1966 Nephropedia Template TP
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Hidden in plain sight: The effects of BCG vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic #MMPMID33289122
Toraih EA; Sedhom JA; Dokunmu TM; Hussein MH; Ruiz EML; Muthusamy K; Zerfaoui M; Kandil E
J Med Virol 2021[Apr]; 93 (4): 1950-1966 PMID33289122show ga
To investigate the relationship between Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 by a bioinformatics approach, two datasets for the SARS-CoV-2 infection group and BCG-vaccinated group were downloaded. Differentially Expressed Genes were identified. Gene ontology and pathways were functionally enriched, and networking was constructed in NetworkAnalyst. Lastly, the correlation between post-BCG vaccination and COVID-19 transcriptome signatures was established. A total of 161 DEGs (113 upregulated DEGs and 48 downregulated genes) were identified in the SARS-CoV-2 group. In the pathway enrichment analysis, a cross-reference of upregulated Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways in SARS-CoV-2 with downregulated counterparts in the BCG-vaccinated group, resulted in the intersection of 45 common pathways, accounting for 86.5% of SARS-CoV-2 upregulated pathways. Of these intersecting pathways, a vast majority were immune and inflammatory pathways with top significance in interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, NOD-like receptors, and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. Given the inverse relationship of the specific differentially expressed gene pathways highlighted in our results, the BCG-vaccine may play a protective role against COVID-19 by mounting a nonspecific immunological response and further investigation of this relationship is warranted.