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10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002640 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002640 33148540!7640501!33148540     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       BMJ+Glob+Health 2020 ; 5 (11): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33148540|t=2020. Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries |pdf=|usr=}}{{33148540}} gab.com Text Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries JO: BMJ Glob Health http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33148540 #FOAvip OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. METHODS: We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the following: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, smoker, diabetes or age >55 years. Availability and affordability of blood pressure lowering drugs, antiplatelets and statins were obtained from pharmacies. Participants were categorised: group 1-all three drug types were available and affordable, group 2-all three drugs were available but not affordable and group 3-all three drugs were not available. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with nested clustering at country and community levels, adjusting for comorbidities, sociodemographic and economic factors. RESULTS: Of 163 466 participants, there were 93 200 with high CVD risk from 21 countries (mean age 54.7, 49% female). Of these, 44.9% were from group 1, 29.4% from group 2 and 25.7% from group 3. Compared with participants from group 1, the risk of MACEs was higher among participants in group 2 (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.31), and among participants from group 3 (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.50). CONCLUSION: Lower availability and affordability of essential CVD medicines were associated with higher risk of MACEs and mortality. Improving access to CVD medicines should be a key part of the strategy to lower CVD globally. Twit Text FOAVip Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries ????BMJ Glob Health http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33148540 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33148540 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33148540}}</ref> Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries #MMPMID33148540 Chow CK; Nguyen TN; Marschner S; Diaz R; Rahman O; Avezum A; Lear SA; Teo K; Yeates KE; Lanas F; Li W; Hu B; Lopez-Jaramillo P; Gupta R; Kumar R; Mony PK; Bahonar A; Yusoff K; Khatib R; Kazmi K; Dans AL; Zatonska K; Alhabib KF; Kruger IM; Rosengren A; Gulec S; Yusufali A; Chifamba J; Rangarajan S; McKee M; Yusuf S BMJ Glob Health 2020[Nov]; 5 (11): ä PMID33148540show ga OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. METHODS: We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the following: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, smoker, diabetes or age >55 years. Availability and affordability of blood pressure lowering drugs, antiplatelets and statins were obtained from pharmacies. Participants were categorised: group 1-all three drug types were available and affordable, group 2-all three drugs were available but not affordable and group 3-all three drugs were not available. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with nested clustering at country and community levels, adjusting for comorbidities, sociodemographic and economic factors. RESULTS: Of 163 466 participants, there were 93 200 with high CVD risk from 21 countries (mean age 54.7, 49% female). Of these, 44.9% were from group 1, 29.4% from group 2 and 25.7% from group 3. Compared with participants from group 1, the risk of MACEs was higher among participants in group 2 (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.31), and among participants from group 3 (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.50). CONCLUSION: Lower availability and affordability of essential CVD medicines were associated with higher risk of MACEs and mortality. Improving access to CVD medicines should be a key part of the strategy to lower CVD globally. |*Developing Countries[MESH] |*Income[MESH] |Costs and Cost Analysis[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Middle Aged[MESH] |Poverty[MESH]Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcome(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing