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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 261.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Res+Pract+Thromb+Haemost 2020 ; 4 (7): 1087-1110 Nephropedia Template TP
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Camelid-derived single-chain antibodies in hemostasis: Mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications #MMPMID33134775
Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020[Oct]; 4 (7): 1087-1110 PMID33134775show ga
Hemostasis is a complex process involving the concerted action of molecular and vascular components. Its basic understanding as well as diagnostic and therapeutic aspects have greatly benefited from the use of monoclonal antibodies. Interestingly, camelid-derived single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), also known as V(H)H or nanobodies, have become available during the previous 2 decades as alternative tools in this regard. Compared to classic antibodies, sdAbs are easier to produce and their small size facilitates their engineering and functionalization. It is not surprising, therefore, that sdAbs are increasingly used in hemostasis-related research. In addition, they have the capacity to recognize unique epitopes unavailable to full monoclonal antibodies. This property can be used to develop novel diagnostic tests identifying conformational variants of hemostatic proteins. Examples include sdAbs that bind active but not globular von Willebrand factor or free factor VIIa but not tissue factor-bound factor VIIa. Finally, sdAbs have a high therapeutic potential, exemplified by caplacizumab, a homodimeric sdAb targeting von Willebrand factor that is approved for the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In this review, the various applications of sdAbs in thrombosis and hemostasis-related research, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies will be discussed.