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10.1093/ajh/hpaa168 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1093/ajh/hpaa168 33048112!7665332!33048112     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Am+J+Hypertens 2021 ; 34 (4): 339-347 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33048112|t=2021. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19 Infection or Hospitalization: A Cohort Study |pdf=|usr=}}{{33048112}} gab.com Text Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19 Infection or Hospitalization: A Cohort Study JO: Am J Hypertens http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33048112 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or affect disease severity. Prior studies have not examined risks by medication dose. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included people aged >/=18 years enrolled in a US integrated healthcare system for at least 4 months as of 2/29/2020. Current ACEI and ARB use was identified from pharmacy data, and the estimated daily dose was calculated and standardized across medications. COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations were identified through 6/14/2020 from laboratory and hospitalization data. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for race/ethnicity, obesity, and other covariates. RESULTS: Among 322,044 individuals, 826 developed COVID-19 infection. Among people using ACEI/ARBs, 204/56,105 developed COVID-19 (3.6 per 1,000 individuals) compared with 622/265,939 without ACEI/ARB use (2.3 per 1,000), yielding an adjusted OR of 0.91 (95% CI 0.74-1.12). For use of <1 defined daily dose (DDD) vs. nonuse, the adjusted OR for infection was 0.92 (95% CI 0.66-1.28); for 1 to <2 DDDs, 0.89 (95% CI 0.66-1.19); and for >/=2 DDDs, 0.92 (95% CI 0.72-1.18). The OR was similar for ACEIs and ARBs and in subgroups by age and sex. 26% of people with COVID-19 infection were hospitalized; the adjusted OR for hospitalization in relation to ACEI/ARB use was 0.98 (95% CI 0.63-1.54), and there was no association with dose. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support current recommendations that individuals on these medications continue their use. Twit Text FOAVip Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19 Infection or Hospitalization: A Cohort Study ????Am J Hypertens http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33048112 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33048112 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33048112}}</ref> Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19 Infection or Hospitalization: A Cohort Study #MMPMID33048112 Dublin S; Walker RL; Floyd JS; Shortreed SM; Fuller S; Albertson-Junkans L; Harrington LB; Greenwood-Hickman MA; Green BB; Psaty BM Am J Hypertens 2021[Apr]; 34 (4): 339-347 PMID33048112show ga BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or affect disease severity. Prior studies have not examined risks by medication dose. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included people aged >/=18 years enrolled in a US integrated healthcare system for at least 4 months as of 2/29/2020. Current ACEI and ARB use was identified from pharmacy data, and the estimated daily dose was calculated and standardized across medications. COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations were identified through 6/14/2020 from laboratory and hospitalization data. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for race/ethnicity, obesity, and other covariates. RESULTS: Among 322,044 individuals, 826 developed COVID-19 infection. Among people using ACEI/ARBs, 204/56,105 developed COVID-19 (3.6 per 1,000 individuals) compared with 622/265,939 without ACEI/ARB use (2.3 per 1,000), yielding an adjusted OR of 0.91 (95% CI 0.74-1.12). For use of <1 defined daily dose (DDD) vs. nonuse, the adjusted OR for infection was 0.92 (95% CI 0.66-1.28); for 1 to <2 DDDs, 0.89 (95% CI 0.66-1.19); and for >/=2 DDDs, 0.92 (95% CI 0.72-1.18). The OR was similar for ACEIs and ARBs and in subgroups by age and sex. 26% of people with COVID-19 infection were hospitalized; the adjusted OR for hospitalization in relation to ACEI/ARB use was 0.98 (95% CI 0.63-1.54), and there was no association with dose. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support current recommendations that individuals on these medications continue their use. |*Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage/adverse effects[MESH] |*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects[MESH] |*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy[MESH] |*Dose-Response Relationship, Drug[MESH] |*Hypertension/drug therapy/epidemiology/metabolism[MESH] |Cohort Studies[MESH] |Comorbidity[MESH] |Drug Monitoring/methods[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Middle Aged[MESH] |Retrospective Studies[MESH] |Risk Assessment[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification[MESH] |Severity of Illness Index[MESH]Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19 Infection(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing