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10.1038/s41579-020-00449-9 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/s41579-020-00449-9 33024309!7537587!33024309     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Nat+Rev+Microbiol 2021 ; 19 (4): 272-282 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33024309|t=2021. Viral and host heterogeneity and their effects on the viral life cycle |pdf=|usr=}}{{33024309}} gab.com Text Viral and host heterogeneity and their effects on the viral life cycle JO: Nat Rev Microbiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33024309 #FOAvip Traditionally, the viral replication cycle is envisioned as a single, well-defined loop with four major steps: attachment and entry into a target cell, replication of the viral genome, maturation of viral proteins and genome packaging into infectious progeny, and egress and dissemination to the next target cell. However, for many viruses, a growing body of evidence points towards extreme heterogeneity in each of these steps. In this Review, we reassess the major steps of the viral replication cycle by highlighting recent advances that show considerable variability during viral infection. First, we discuss heterogeneity in entry receptors, followed by a discussion on error-prone and low-fidelity polymerases and their impact on viral diversity. Next, we cover the implications of heterogeneity in genome packaging and assembly on virion morphology. Last, we explore alternative egress mechanisms, including tunnelling nanotubes and host microvesicles. In summary, we discuss the implications of viral phenotypic, morphological and genetic heterogeneity on pathogenesis and medicine. This Review highlights common themes and unique features that give nuance to the viral replication cycle. Twit Text FOAVip Viral and host heterogeneity and their effects on the viral life cycle ????Nat Rev Microbiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33024309 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33024309 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33024309}}</ref> Viral and host heterogeneity and their effects on the viral life cycle #MMPMID33024309 Jones JE; Le Sage V; Lakdawala SS Nat Rev Microbiol 2021[Apr]; 19 (4): 272-282 PMID33024309show ga Traditionally, the viral replication cycle is envisioned as a single, well-defined loop with four major steps: attachment and entry into a target cell, replication of the viral genome, maturation of viral proteins and genome packaging into infectious progeny, and egress and dissemination to the next target cell. However, for many viruses, a growing body of evidence points towards extreme heterogeneity in each of these steps. In this Review, we reassess the major steps of the viral replication cycle by highlighting recent advances that show considerable variability during viral infection. First, we discuss heterogeneity in entry receptors, followed by a discussion on error-prone and low-fidelity polymerases and their impact on viral diversity. Next, we cover the implications of heterogeneity in genome packaging and assembly on virion morphology. Last, we explore alternative egress mechanisms, including tunnelling nanotubes and host microvesicles. In summary, we discuss the implications of viral phenotypic, morphological and genetic heterogeneity on pathogenesis and medicine. This Review highlights common themes and unique features that give nuance to the viral replication cycle. |Animals[MESH] |Host-Pathogen Interactions/physiology[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Receptors, Virus/metabolism[MESH] |Viral Genome Packaging/*physiology[MESH] |Virus Assembly/physiology[MESH] |Virus Internalization[MESH] |Virus Replication/physiology[MESH]Viral and host heterogeneity and their effects on the viral life cycle(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing